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Indirect interactions and community processes: impacts of hemi-parasitic plants on the structure of insect herbivore communities.

间接相互作用和群落过程：半寄生植物对昆虫草食动物群落结构的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/D012333/1
负责人：
Sue Hartley
金额：
$ 39.03万
依托单位：
University of Sussex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD012333%2F1
关键词：
Indirect interactions community processes impacts

项目摘要

Yellow-rattle is a parasitic plant that steals resources from other plants (host plants) via root connections. Water and nutrients are diverted from the host into the yellow-rattle, reducing the growth of the host. This may make the host less suitable for insects which also live on the host plant, particularly those that feed on the same water and nutrient supply as the yellow-rattle. Previous experiments in greenhouses have shown that insects which are fed on host plants infected with yellow-rattle are twice as likely to die than those feeding on uninfected hosts, but no one has measured these effects in natural communities where there are many different insects and plants. As well as making host plants less suitable for insects to feed on, yellow-rattle can also reduce the number of host plants for the insects - it prefers to infect grasses so in places where there is a lot of yellow-rattle the amount of grass decreases and grass-feeding insects may also decrease. This has not been tested yet, nor do scientists know whether it is the changes in the amount of grass or the changes in the suitability of the host plants which have the biggest effect on insects. We plan to find out how yellow-rattle affects the number and type of insect herbivores that are living in the same ecological community. We expect that grass-feeding species of insects will be reduced in number, but insects feeding on host plants that are not attacked by yellow-rattle will increase when the yellow-rattle is present. We think yellow-rattle will cause these effects in two ways: (1) by changing the balance of plant species living in the community and (2) by changing the suitability of the infected plants for insects. We will investigate which of these effects is the most important. We will also test the ability of individual insect species to grow and reproduce on plants with and without yellow-rattle present and find out whether insects avoid feeding on infected plants.

黄响尾蛇是一种寄生植物，通过根连接从其他植物（宿主植物）窃取资源。水和营养物质从宿主转移到黄拨浪鼓，减少了宿主的生长。这可能使宿主不太适合也生活在宿主植物上的昆虫，特别是那些以与黄拨浪鼓相同的水和营养供应为食的昆虫。先前在温室中的实验表明，以感染黄铃虫的宿主植物为食的昆虫死亡的可能性是以未感染宿主为食的昆虫的两倍，但没有人在有许多不同昆虫和植物的自然群落中测量这些影响。除了使宿主植物不适合昆虫取食外，黄喉盘菌还可以减少昆虫的宿主植物数量-它更喜欢感染草，因此在有大量黄喉盘菌的地方，草的数量减少，食草昆虫也可能减少。这还没有经过测试，科学家也不知道是草量的变化还是寄主植物的适应性的变化对昆虫的影响最大。我们计划找出黄拨浪鼓如何影响生活在同一生态群落中的食草昆虫的数量和类型。我们预计食草昆虫的数量将减少，但当黄铃虫存在时，以不受黄铃虫攻击的宿主植物为食的昆虫将增加。我们认为黄铃虫会以两种方式造成这些影响：（1）改变群落中植物物种的平衡;（2）改变受感染植物对昆虫的适应性。我们将研究这些影响中哪一个是最重要的。我们还将测试单个昆虫物种在有和没有黄拨浪鼓存在的植物上生长和繁殖的能力，并找出昆虫是否避免在受感染的植物上进食。