Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in freshwaters: a food web perspective

淡水生物多样性-生态系统功能关系：食物网视角

• 批准号: NE/D013305/1
• 负责人: Guy Woodward
• 金额: $ 39.37万
• 依托单位: Queen Mary University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD013305%2F1
• 关键词: Biodiversity; ecosystem; functioning; relationships; freshwaters

Ecosystem processes and community structure are inextricably linked, as revealed by the (usually positive) 'biodiversity-ecosystem functioning' (B-EF) relationships that have been described increasingly in recent years. Because environmental stressors associated with human activity are causing significant declines in biodiversity across Europe, this threatens to disrupt the normal functioning of natural systems. At present, however, the potential impacts of biodiversity loss on ecosystem processes and, ultimately, on the supply of 'goods and services' of socioeconomic value (e.g. the supply of clean water; recreational fisheries) are poorly understood in freshwaters. This lack of knowledge is further compounded by the fact that most B-EF experiments have been restricted to single trophic level systems in terrestrial grasslands, and as such they lack generality. Multi-trophic systems (i.e. most real ecosystems) can behave very differently: this is particularly true in freshwaters, where predator-prey interactions can have profound effects on ecosystem processes. Further, the diversity of species 'traits' may be more important than taxonomic diversity per se, especially in systems where species are trophically similar, as appears to be true of many freshwater food webs. Indeed, B-EF curves in stream systems often reach saturation at low levels of species richness (typically about 3 species per guild). A further important shortcoming of many B-EF experiments is that they have assemblages that have been constructed by random sampling from a species pool, whereas species-loss is highly non-random: taxa that are big, rare and/or high in the food web are often the first to be lost. The proposed research has been designed to address these shortcomings of previous B-EF research, with a particular focus on applying a more realistic food web perspective. Specifically, we will investigate how non-random species loss affects multiple ecosystem processes (decomposition, primary production, herbivory) that determine the flux of energy to the higher trophic levels, which are often of high socioeconomic value (e.g. salmonid fishes). Focussed laboratory trials will be combined with field surveys and manipulations to explore mechanisms behind B-EF relationships in multitrophic systems, with an emphasis on trait (as opposed to simply taxonomic) diversity. We will approach these questions from two directions: 1) a Postdoctoral Research Assistant will explore, experimentally, the consequences of biodiversity change for ecosystem functioning and 2) a Tied PhD student will focus specifically on the potential impacts of climate change, which has been identified as a major stressor for freshwaters over the coming century, by using a combination of surveys, experiments and mathematical modelling.

生态系统过程和群落结构有着千丝万缕的联系，正如近年来日益被描述的生物多样性-生态系统功能(B-EF)关系(通常是积极的)所揭示的那样。由于与人类活动相关的环境压力正在导致整个欧洲生物多样性的显著下降，这有可能扰乱自然系统的正常功能。然而，目前淡水对生物多样性丧失对生态系统过程的潜在影响，以及最终对具有社会经济价值的“商品和服务”的供应(例如清洁水的供应；休闲渔业)的潜在影响知之甚少。大多数B-EF实验仅限于陆地草原的单一营养水平系统，因此缺乏普遍性，这进一步加剧了这种知识的缺乏。多营养系统(即大多数真实的生态系统)的行为可能非常不同：在淡水中尤其如此，捕食者-猎物的相互作用可能对生态系统过程产生深远影响。此外，物种‘特征’的多样性可能比分类多样性本身更重要，特别是在物种营养相似的系统中，许多淡水食物网似乎就是如此。事实上，河流系统中的B-EF曲线往往在物种丰富度较低的水平上达到饱和(通常约为每个公会3个物种)。许多B-EF实验的另一个重要缺点是，它们的组合是通过从物种池中随机抽样构建的，而物种损失是高度非随机的：在食物链中大的、稀有的和/或高的分类群往往是第一个丢失的。拟议的研究旨在解决之前B-EF研究的这些缺点，特别侧重于应用更现实的食物网络视角。具体地说，我们将研究非随机物种丧失如何影响多个生态系统过程(分解、初级生产、草食)，这些过程决定了能量流向更高的营养水平，这些水平往往具有很高的社会经济价值(例如鲑鱼)。重点实验室试验将与实地调查和操作相结合，以探索多营养系统中B-EF关系背后的机制，重点是特征(而不是简单的分类)多样性。我们将从两个方向探讨这些问题：1)一名博士后研究助理将通过实验探索生物多样性变化对生态系统功能的影响；2)一名被捆绑的博士生将通过结合调查、实验和数学建模，专门关注气候变化的潜在影响，气候变化已被确定为未来一个世纪淡水的主要压力来源。

项目成果

Higher biodiversity is required to sustain multiple ecosystem processes across temperature regimes.

需要更高的生物多样性来维持跨温度制度的多个生态系统过程。

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12688
• 发表时间: 2015-01
• 期刊: Global change biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Perkins DM;Bailey RA;Dossena M;Gamfeldt L;Reiss J;Trimmer M;Woodward G
• 通讯作者: Woodward G

Consumer body composition and community structure in a stream is altered by pH

pH 值会改变溪流中消费者的身体成分和群落结构

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02305.x
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Freshwater Biology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: LARRAÑAGA A

Consistent temperature dependence of respiration across ecosystems contrasting in thermal history

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02597.x
• 发表时间: 2012-04-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Perkins, Daniel M.;Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel;Woodward, Guy
• 通讯作者: Woodward, Guy