THE MACAQUE GUT MICROBIOME IN HEALTH, LENTIVIRAL INFECTION AND IBD

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 脊椎动物的肠道内有大量的细菌共生体，其组成受宿主免疫系统的调节。许多胃肠道（GI）疾病预计与宿主-细菌相互作用的破坏有关，但相对较少的综合研究报告。我们已经使用恒河猴模型来研究塑造GI细菌群落的力量。我们使用DNA条形码和焦磷酸测序来表征从100个未培养的GI细菌样本中获得的141，000个16 S rRNA基因序列，从而可以定量分析健康和疾病中的群落组成。猕猴的微生物群落与小鼠和人类的微生物群落在丰度和类群类型上都不同。猕猴群落在肠粘膜、结肠内容物和粪便样本中存在差异，与人类研究相似。动物之间的群落也不同，随着时间的推移，在个别动物，男性和女性之间。为了研究与疾病（AIDS）相关的变化，将健康动物和结肠炎并接受抗生素治疗的动物在尸检时采集的结肠内容物样品进行比较。来自患病动物和健康动物的群落在组成上也有显著差异。这项工作为研究肠道微生物群在猕猴胃肠道疾病模型中的作用提供了全面的数据和改进的方法，并为人类肠道微生物组的大规模筛选提供了模型。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The vertebrate gut harbors a vast community of bacterial mutualists, the composition of which is modulated by the host immune system. Many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are expected to be associated with disruptions of host-bacterial interactions, but relatively few comprehensive studies have been reported. We have used the rhesus macaque model to investigate forces shaping GI bacterial communities. We used DNA bar coding and pyrosequencing to characterize 141,000 sequences of 16S rRNA genes obtained from 100 uncultured GI bacterial samples, allowing quantitative analysis of community composition in health and disease. Microbial communities of macaques were distinct from those of mice and humans in both abundance and types of taxa present. The macaque communities differed among samples from intestinal mucosa, colonic contents, and stool, paralleling studies of humans. Communities also differed among animals, over time within individual animals, and between males and females. To investigate changes associated with disease (AIDS), samples of colonic contents taken at necropsy were compared between healthy animals and animals with colitis and undergoing antibiotic therapy. Communities from diseased and healthy animals also differed significantly in composition. This work provides comprehensive data and improved methods for studying the role of commensal microbiota in macaque models of GI diseases and provides a model for the large-scale screening of the human gut microbiome.