FOCAL ADHESION KINASE ACTIVATION IN THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 在HIV脑炎(HIVE)的发展过程中，血脑屏障(BBB)的脑微血管内皮细胞(MBEC)之间的紧密连接蛋白的表达丢失。虽然许多研究都集中在导致神经后遗症的病毒株或与脑炎发展相关的巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞上，但所涉及的BMEC内的分子信号通路尚未解决。我们之前已经证明，使用慢病毒感染的CEMx174细胞可以激活和破坏体外血脑屏障模型。我们和其他人在体内也表现出了类似的破坏。因此，确定感染的原代巨噬细胞的存在是否会在体外立即破坏完整的脑微血管，如果是这样的话，涉及哪些信号通路是有意义的。我们的数据表明，BMEC之间紧密连接的破坏是通过TYR-397的磷酸化激活粘着斑激酶(FAK)来实现的。我们还发现肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)也在与FAK相同的时间过程中被磷酸化。抑制FAK的激活可以有效地防止紧密连接的破坏。因此，通过使用FAK和MLCK的抑制剂来抑制HIVE的发育是可能的。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Expression of tight junction proteins between brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBEC) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is lost during development of HIV encephalitis (HIVE). While many studies have focused on the strains of virus that induce neurological sequelae or on the macrophages/microglia that are associated with the development of encephalitis, the molecular signaling pathways within the BMECs involved have yet to be resolved. We have previously shown that there is activation and disruption of an in vitro BBB model using lentivirus-infected CEMx174 cells. We and others have shown similar disruption in vivo. Therefore, it was of interest to determine of the presence of infected primary macrophages could disrupt intact cerebral microvessels immediately ex vivo, and if so, which signaling pathways were involved. Our data demonstrate that disruption of tight junctions between BMECs is mediated through activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by phosphorylation at TYR-397. We also show that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is also phosphorylated in the same time course as FAK. Inhibition of FAK activation is sifficient to prevent tight junction disruption. This, it may be possible to inhibit the development of HIVE by using inhibitors of FAK and MLCK.