BEHAVIORAL & MRI EVALUATION OF PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）包括广泛的残疾，涉及结构和功能的变化。其中最具破坏性的影响是由中枢神经系统（CMS）的改变引起的。这些CMS变化导致大多数FAS研究中报告的认知和行为缺陷。此外，人们认识到，在缺乏FAS诊断所需的面部特征的情况下，可能会发生大脑和行为变化。在我们的研究中，产前大量接触酒精（PEA）的儿童，没有明显的FAS身体特征，表现出与FAS相似的大脑和行为变化。术语胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）现在被用来描述产前酒精暴露造成的影响范围，并反映这些影响可能发生在畸形和非畸形个体。我们的结构磁共振成像（MRI）研究表明，大脑中的白色物质可能对产前酒精暴露的影响特别敏感。与此同时，我们注意到产前酒精暴露的行为影响与白色物质损伤的行为影响之间的相似性。拟议的项目是多学科性质的，包括神经心理评估和脑成像研究。我们计划继续我们的结构MRI研究，此外，我们提出了两种新的成像技术：扩散张量成像（DTI），以评估白色物质损伤和功能性MRI（fMRI），以评估大脑功能的变化，同时执行一项已知对产前酒精暴露敏感的任务。这项建议是我们过去十年来一直在进行的工作的继续。我们的行为评估将强调假设对白色物质变化敏感的任务，我们的成像研究将补充这些行为调查，并使我们能够将大脑的变化与我们的行为发现相关联。此外，我们将在FASD的畸形和非畸形个体中进行这些调查。我们相信我们的方法到目前为止是成功的，这个多学科的项目将扩大我们对产前酒精暴露的破坏性影响的理解，希望能充分告知我们，我们可能开始提出合理的干预策略

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) encompasses a broad range of disabilities involving both structural and functional changes. Among the most devastating effects are those caused by alterations in the central nervous system (CMS). These CMS changes result in the cognitive and behavioral deficits reported in most studies of FAS. In addition, it is recognized that brain and behavioral changes can occur in the absence of the facial features required for an FAS diagnosis. In our studies, children with heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol (PEA), who do not have the obvious physical features of FAS, show changes in both brain and behavior similar to those seen in FAS. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is now being used to describe the range of effects resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure and to reflect that these effects can occur in both dysmorphic and nondysmorphic individuals. Our structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have indicated that white matter in the brain may be particularly sensitive to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. At the same time we have noticed a similarity between the behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and those resulting from white matter damage. The proposed project is multidisciplinary in nature, including neuropsychological assessment and brain imaging studies. We plan to continue our structural MRI studies, and in addition, we are proposing two new imaging techniques: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess white matter damage and functional MRI (fMRI) to assess changes in brain function while performing a task known to be sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure. This proposal represents a continuation of work that we have been conducting over the last 10 years. Our behavioral assessments will stress tasks hypothesized to be sensitive to white matter changes and our imaging studies will complement these behavioral investigations and allow us to correlate changes in brain with our behavioral findings. Furthermore, we will conduct these investigations in both dysmorphic and nondysmorphic individuals with FASD. We believe that our approach has been successful thus far, and that this multidisciplinary project will expand our understanding of the devastating effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, hopefully informing us sufficiently that we might begin to propose reasonable intervention strategies