Using systematic review methodology to establish an evidence base for implementation of the Environment Agency Wales Climate Change Strategy

在科学研究与政策/实践之间的界面上，缺乏环境管理方面的知识对话。该项目发展了威尔士大学班戈尔循证保护中心（CEBC）的科学家与环境局决策者之间的现有伙伴关系，其主要目的是通过循证框架，按照卫生保健研究和实践领域制定的协议进行修改，开发和实施环境管理知识转移模式。该伙伴关系是通过NERC知识转移赠款建立的，旨在为生物多样性保护制定一个基于证据的框架。这一方案的成功鼓励双方探讨如何将办法从生物多样性管理扩大到更广泛的环境管理问题。循证保护中心将开展系统审查，并传播研究证据，以支持使用通过目前的知识转让计划建立的方法进行决策。这项工作需要一个受过训练的人，在CEBC团队中工作，使用明确和可重复的审查协议系统地搜索和访问相关信息，以避免偏见，解释调查结果，并以适合决策者的格式在开放式网站上展示。威尔士环境署从其《气候变化战略实施计划》中确定了审查的主题领域。原子能机构将评估该项目产生的审查证据，并就其效用提供反馈信息。这一产出是知识转让的一个关键步骤，推动向决策者提供系统的、无偏见的证据审查，以支持环境政策和做法。到目前为止，决策者在很大程度上依赖自己的经验，即决策主要是基于经验，而不是基于证据。决策者希望并确实利用现有证据，但他们收集的证据并不系统，而且不完整，而且往往带有偏见。这一框架提供了一种系统、透明和公正的证据评估方法。这种方法还有其他重要的好处;循证框架也是一种正式的方法，用于识别证据中的差距，从而确定研究的优先顺序。因此，它鼓励研究和用户社区之间的双向信息流动，鼓励更多地以需求为导向的研究。该项目与NERC的目标直接相关，即确保NERC科学有助于公共服务的有效性和人类福祉的可持续性。

There is a lack of knowledge dialogue in environmental management at the interface between scientific research and policy/practice. This project develops an existing partnership between scientists at the Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation (CEBC), University of Wales, Bangor and decision-makers at the Environment Agency with the key aim of developing and implementing a model for knowledge transfer in environmental management through an evidence-based framework following a protocol modified from that established in the field of health care research and practice. The partnership was established through a NERC Knowledge Transfer Grant to develop an evidence-based framework for biodiversity conservation. The success of this programme has encouraged both parties to explore the broadening of the approach from biodiversity management to wider environmental management issues. The Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation will undertake systematic reviews and disseminate research evidence to support decision-making using the methodology established through the current Knowledge Transfer Programme. The work requires a trained individual, working within the CEBC team, to systematically search for and access relevant information using an explicit and repeatable review protocol so as to avoid bias, interpret the findings and present them on an open-access web site in a format suitable for decision-makers. The Environment Agency Wales has identified subject areas for review from its Climate Change Strategy Implementation Plan. The Agency will assess the review evidence produced in this project and feedback information on its utility. The output represents a critical step forward in knowledge transfer in push-delivering systematic unbiased reviews of evidence to decision-makers to underpin environmental policy and practice. To date decision-makers rely heavily on their own experience, i.e. decision-making is largely experience-based rather than evidence-based. Decision-makers want to and do use evidence when available, but what they gather is not systematic, but incomplete and often biased. This framework offers a systematic, transparent and unbiased method of appraising the evidence. The approach has other significant benefits; the evidence-based framework is also a formal method for identifying gaps in evidence and therefore prioritising research. It therefore encourages a two-way flow of information between the research and user communities encouraging a move toward more needs-led research. The project is directly relevant to NERCs aim of ensuring NERC science contributes to the effectiveness of public services and the sustainability of human wellbeing.