Towards a new generation of atmospheric vertical profiling

迈向新一代大气垂直剖面

• 批准号: NE/F012950/1
• 金额: $ 9.02万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Training Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF012950%2F1
• 关键词: Towards; new; generation; atmospheric; vertical

This is a joint proposal between the Observing Methods section of the Met Office and the University of Manchester to exploit combinations of vertical profiling instruments, generating new measurements for constraining and initialising fine-scale weather forecasting models. It builds on a long-standing collaboration between the proposers, arising from the NERC MST radar facility at Capel Dewi, Aberystwyth. This yields information on winds, turbulence and atmospheric structure, and it is the latter that is of interest here. Clear-air radar echoes are a function of humidity and temperature gradients, offering the potential for deriving profiles of these variables from the radar echoes. Recent comparison by D. Hooper (RAL) between a cloud radar and the VHF radar has shown that clouds as well as precipitation affect the radar measurements. This suggests that the radar may be used to derive information on cloud structure, and Dr. Hooper is a collaborator in the present project. The overall aims of this PhD project are as follows: a) establish the factors that influence the echo power of the MST radar and develop a quantitative model relating the echo power to atmospheric parameters, taking into account the fundamentals of radio physics and the existing measurement data base b) use the results of a) to derive temperature and humidity profiles using the radar and ancillary data. c) establish what quantitative information on cloud structure may be derived from the radar d) extend these results to UHF profiling radars e) evaluate how this information may be used to constrain numerical models The initial plan for the project is to exploit the existing data when ancillary profiling measurements were made at the MST radar site. This provides a starting point to relate the radar measurements to other instruments and develop hypotheses. Later, we plan to operate a cluster of profiling instruments - microwave radiometer, cloud radar, UHF radar, ceilometer and lidar - which will provide a novel and powerful assault on the problem. These will be operated on a campaign basis: one campaign of four weeks per year of the project with radiosondes providing 'ground truth' profiles of temperature and humidity. With careful calibration, the retrieval of humidity and temperature profiles will provide an excellent dataset for initialisation and constraining of numerical models. The student will build on the experimental work by simulating a cloud field in the vicinity of the measurement site, under the guidance of Dr Connolly. The numerical experiments will be chosen to evaluate the impact of the derived profiles on the simulation of a cloud field. Current work at Manchester under the aegis of the COPS consortium grant is preparing the ground for such studies. Towards the end of the project further numerical experiments will be conducted to evaluate the impact of the derived profiles on the initialisation of the Met Office forecast model. This work will be conducted at JCMM in Reading where Dr Gaffard has close links with colleagues in the Data Assimilation Group. Thus the student will also gain experience in the way measurements are used with a modern forecasting model. The student will thus obtain training in field work and operating state-of-the-art vertical profiling equipment. There will be a considerable amount of data handling, for which excellent IT skills will need to be developed, and theoretical work in radio physics and atmospheric physics to interpret the measurements properly. Finally, the student will gain experience with state-of-the-art numerical models of the atmosphere. The student will be based at Manchester and undergo the normal programme of student training provided by the School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences. As well as lectures in atmospheric physics and dynamics, there is a programme of skills training described in http://tinyurl.com/3brne3 and http://tinyurl.com/3eylkm.

这是英国气象局观测方法部门和曼彻斯特大学之间的一项联合提案，旨在利用垂直剖面仪器的组合，产生新的测量结果，用于约束和初始化精细尺度天气预报模型。它建立在提案者之间的长期合作基础上，源于阿伯里斯特威斯卡佩尔德维的NERC MST雷达设施。这就产生了关于风、湍流和大气结构的信息，这里感兴趣的是后者。晴空雷达回波是湿度和温度梯度的函数，因此有可能从雷达回波中得出这些变量的分布。最近比较D。Hooper（RAL）在云雷达和VHF雷达之间的研究表明，云和降水都会影响雷达的测量。这表明雷达可以用来获取云结构的信息，胡珀博士是本项目的合作者。这个博士项目的总体目标如下：a）建立影响MST雷达回波功率的因素，并开发一个将回波功率与大气参数联系起来的定量模型，同时考虑到无线电物理学的基本原理和现有的测量数据库B）使用a）的结果，利用雷达和辅助数据导出温度和湿度廓线。c）确定可以从雷达获得哪些云结构的定量信息d）将这些结果扩展到UHF剖面雷达e）评估如何使用这些信息来约束数值模式该项目的初步计划是在MST雷达站点进行辅助剖面测量时利用现有数据。这为将雷达测量与其他仪器联系起来并提出假设提供了一个起点。随后，我们计划操作一组剖面仪器-微波辐射计、云雷达、超高频雷达、云高计和激光雷达-这将为解决这一问题提供一种新颖而有力的攻击。这些活动将在活动的基础上进行：项目每年进行一次为期四周的活动，利用无线电探空仪提供温度和湿度的“地面实况”概况。通过仔细校准，湿度和温度廓线的检索将为数值模型的初始化和约束提供极好的数据集。学生将在康诺利博士的指导下，通过模拟测量地点附近的云场来建立实验工作。将选择数值试验来评估导出的廓线对云场模拟的影响。在COPS财团赠款的支持下，曼彻斯特目前的工作正在为此类研究奠定基础。接近项目结束时，将进行进一步的数值实验，以评估衍生的配置文件对气象局预测模型的初始化的影响。这项工作将在阅读的JCMM进行，Gaffard博士与数据同化组的同事保持密切联系。因此，学生还将获得测量方法与现代预测模型结合使用的经验。因此，学生将获得现场工作和操作最先进的垂直剖面设备的培训。将有相当数量的数据处理，为此需要发展出色的信息技术技能，以及无线电物理学和大气物理学方面的理论工作，以正确解释测量结果。最后，学生将获得与国家的最先进的大气数值模型的经验。该学生将驻扎在曼彻斯特，接受地球、大气和环境科学学院提供的正常学生培训计划。除了大气物理学和动力学讲座外，还有一个技能培训方案，见http://tinyurl.com/3brne3和http://tinyurl.com/3eylkm。