Risk for Future Outbreaks of Henipaviruses in South Asia

南亚未来亨尼帕病毒爆发的风险

• 批准号: 7921124
• 负责人: Jonathan H Epstein
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-22 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7921124
• 关键词: Animals; Antibodies; Area; Asia; Australia; Bangladesh; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth; Breeding; Cambodia; Case Fatality Rates; Chiroptera; Communicable Diseases; Country; Data; Demography; Development; Diagnostic Procedure; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Environment; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Family Pteropodidae; Fruit; Future; Genus Pteropus; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Hendra Virus; Henipavirus; Human; India; Indonesia; Infection; Label; Laboratories; Lactation; Lead; Liquid substance; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia; Modeling; Molecular; Movement; Nipah Virus; Outcome; Paramyxovirus; Persons; Physiological; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prevention; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Qualifying; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Sampling; Seasonal Variations; Serologic tests; Serological; Seroprevalences; Site; Stress; Surveillance Program; Techniques; Telemetry; Testing; Thailand; Time; Tissues; Training; Training Programs; Vaccines; Veterinarians; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Shedding; Work; Zoonoses; career; career development; data exchange; density; design; experience; fetal; high risk; male; mathematical model; microchip; migration; multidisciplinary; pathogen; predictive modeling; prevent; programs; skills; theories; transmission process; viral RNA

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many emerging diseases are caused by zoonotic pathogens which spillover from wildlife reservoirs to humans following changes in demography, behavior or environment. Veterinarians can provide important input into research on emerging zoonoses, but specific training programs for these are lacking. The proposed training program will provide multidisciplinary training in molecular and serological diagnostic techniques and mathematical modeling of disease dynamics of a lethal zoonosis. Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently discovered, lethal, Class C potential bioterror pathogen with a case fatality rate of 40 - 79% in humans and for which no vaccines, nor clinically-proven therapies exist. Fruit bats (Pteropus spp.), have been identified as the natural reservoir for NiV and related viruses in Asia and Australia. Since 2001, NiV has caused five recognized outbreaks in Bangladesh and one in India. In contrast to Malaysia, where the virus first emerged, no intermediate animal host has been identified in Bangladesh, and there is evidence of direct bat-to-human transmission and person-to-person transmission. The specific aims of this proposal are to: 1) Examine the distribution of NiV in flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh and bat migration among colonies by catching and testing bats for NiV using serological and molecular techniques, and satellite telemetry; 2) Test the hypothesis that seasonal NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh correspond to seasonal spikes in viral prevalence in fruit bat reservoirs during pregnancy and synchronous birthing, by conducting a longitudinal study within a bat colony in an area adjacent to a human NiV outbreak; and 3) Develop a parameterized predictive model for Nipah virus emergence in Bangladesh using data from this research to inform the model. I will co-analyse human epidemiological data with bat transmission data to identify specific temporal, spatial and contact risks for NiV spillover. Results from this study can be used to inform public health policy for the prevention of Nipah virus outbreaks. Ultimately, I hope to create a model for identifying "hotspots" of high risk for NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh which can then be extrapolated to other countries where fruit bats occur such as India. This training program will provide a unique opportunity to develop my skills as a veterinary epidemiologist so that I can design and lead future research on the causes of zoonotic disease emergence.

描述(申请人提供)：许多新出现的疾病是由人畜共患病原体引起的，随着人口、行为或环境的变化，这些病原体从野生动物水库溢出到人类。兽医可以为新出现的人畜共患病的研究提供重要的投入，但缺乏针对这些人畜共患病的具体培训计划。拟议的培训计划将提供分子和血清学诊断技术方面的多学科培训，并对致命性人畜共患病的疾病动力学进行数学建模。尼帕病毒(Nipah Virus，NIV)是最近发现的一种潜在的C类生物恐怖病原体，在人类中的病死率为40%-79%，目前还没有疫苗，也没有经过临床验证的治疗方法。在亚洲和澳大利亚，果蝠(Pteropus spp.)已被确认为新城疫病毒和相关病毒的天然宿主。自2001年以来，新城疫病毒已在孟加拉国和印度分别造成5起疫情和1起疫情。与病毒首次出现的马来西亚相比，孟加拉国没有发现中间动物宿主，而且有证据表明蝙蝠直接传人和人传人。 这项建议的具体目的是：1)通过使用血清学和分子技术以及卫星遥测捕捉并检测蝙蝠体内的新城疫病毒，以检查孟加拉国飞狐(Pteropus Giganteus)中新城疫病毒的分布以及蝙蝠在群体间的迁移情况；2)通过在靠近人类新城疫病毒暴发区域的蝙蝠群内进行一项纵向研究，检验孟加拉国季节性新城疫病毒暴发与果蝠水库中病毒流行的季节性高峰相对应的假说；3)利用本次研究获得的数据为模型提供资料，建立孟加拉国尼帕病毒出现的参数化预测模型。我将联合分析人类流行病学数据和BAT传播数据，以确定新城疫病毒溢出的具体时间、空间和接触风险。 这项研究的结果可用于制定预防尼帕病毒暴发的公共卫生政策。最终，我希望创建一个模型，以确定孟加拉国新城疫爆发的高风险“热点”，然后可以推断到其他发生果蝠的国家，如印度。这一培训计划将提供一个独特的机会来发展我作为一名兽医流行病学家的技能，以便我能够设计和领导未来关于人畜共患病出现的原因的研究。