Risk for Future Outbreaks of Henipaviruses in South Asia

南亚未来亨尼帕病毒爆发的风险

• 批准号: 7676215
• 负责人: Jonathan H Epstein
• 金额: $ 13.1万
• 依托单位: ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7676215
• 关键词: Animals; Antibodies; Area; Asia; Australia; Bangladesh; Behavior; Behavioral; Birth; Breeding; Cambodia; Case Fatality Rates; Chiroptera; Communicable Diseases; Country; Data; Demography; Development; Diagnostic Procedure; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Environment; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Family Pteropodidae; Fruit; Future; Genus Pteropus; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Hendra Virus; Henipavirus; Human; India; Indonesia; Infection; Label; Laboratories; Lactation; Lead; Liquid substance; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia; Modeling; Molecular; Movement; Nipah Virus; Outcome; Paramyxovirus; Persons; Physiological; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prevention; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Qualifying; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Sampling; Seasonal Variations; Serologic tests; Serological; Seroprevalences; Site; Stress; Surveillance Program; Techniques; Telemetry; Testing; Thailand; Time; Tissues; Training; Training Programs; Vaccines; Veterinarians; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Shedding; Work; Zoonoses; career; career development; data exchange; density; design; experience; fetal; high risk; male; mathematical model; microchip; migration; multidisciplinary; pathogen; predictive modeling; prevent; programs; skills; theories; transmission process; viral RNA

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many emerging diseases are caused by zoonotic pathogens which spillover from wildlife reservoirs to humans following changes in demography, behavior or environment. Veterinarians can provide important input into research on emerging zoonoses, but specific training programs for these are lacking. The proposed training program will provide multidisciplinary training in molecular and serological diagnostic techniques and mathematical modeling of disease dynamics of a lethal zoonosis. Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently discovered, lethal, Class C potential bioterror pathogen with a case fatality rate of 40 - 79% in humans and for which no vaccines, nor clinically-proven therapies exist. Fruit bats (Pteropus spp.), have been identified as the natural reservoir for NiV and related viruses in Asia and Australia. Since 2001, NiV has caused five recognized outbreaks in Bangladesh and one in India. In contrast to Malaysia, where the virus first emerged, no intermediate animal host has been identified in Bangladesh, and there is evidence of direct bat-to-human transmission and person-to-person transmission. The specific aims of this proposal are to: 1) Examine the distribution of NiV in flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh and bat migration among colonies by catching and testing bats for NiV using serological and molecular techniques, and satellite telemetry; 2) Test the hypothesis that seasonal NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh correspond to seasonal spikes in viral prevalence in fruit bat reservoirs during pregnancy and synchronous birthing, by conducting a longitudinal study within a bat colony in an area adjacent to a human NiV outbreak; and 3) Develop a parameterized predictive model for Nipah virus emergence in Bangladesh using data from this research to inform the model. I will co-analyse human epidemiological data with bat transmission data to identify specific temporal, spatial and contact risks for NiV spillover. Results from this study can be used to inform public health policy for the prevention of Nipah virus outbreaks. Ultimately, I hope to create a model for identifying "hotspots" of high risk for NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh which can then be extrapolated to other countries where fruit bats occur such as India. This training program will provide a unique opportunity to develop my skills as a veterinary epidemiologist so that I can design and lead future research on the causes of zoonotic disease emergence.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多新出现的疾病是由人畜共患病原体引起的，这些病原体随着人口、行为或环境的变化从野生动物宿主溢出到人类。兽医可以为新出现的人畜共患病的研究提供重要的投入，但缺乏针对这些疾病的具体培训计划。拟议的培训计划将提供分子和血清学诊断技术以及致命人畜共患病疾病动力学数学建模方面的多学科培训。尼帕病毒 (NiV) 是最近发现的一种致命的 C 类潜在生物恐怖病原体，人类病死率为 40 - 79%，且尚无疫苗或经过临床证明的治疗方法。果蝠（Pteropus spp.）已被确定为亚洲和澳大利亚 NiV 及相关病毒的天然宿主。自 2001 年以来，NiV 已在孟加拉国引起五次公认的疫情爆发，在印度引起一场疫情。与病毒首次出现的马来西亚不同，孟加拉国尚未发现中间动物宿主，并且有证据表明存在蝙蝠直接传播到人类和人传人的情况。 该提案的具体目标是： 1) 通过使用血清学和分子技术以及卫星遥测技术捕获和测试蝙蝠的 NiV，检查 NiV 在孟加拉国狐蝠 (Pteropus giganteus) 中的分布以及蝙蝠在群体中的迁徙； 2) 通过在人类 NiV 爆发附近地区的蝙蝠群落内进行纵向研究，检验孟加拉国的季节性 NiV 爆发与果蝠宿主在怀孕和同步分娩期间病毒流行率季节性高峰相对应的假设； 3) 使用本研究的数据为模型提供信息，开发孟加拉国尼帕病毒出现的参数化预测模型。我将共同分析人类流行病学数据和蝙蝠传播数据，以确定 NiV 溢出的特定时间、空间和接触风险。 这项研究的结果可用于为预防尼帕病毒爆发的公共卫生政策提供信息。最终，我希望创建一个模型来识别孟加拉国 NiV 爆发高风险的“热点”，然后可以将其推断到印度等果蝠出现的其他国家。该培训计划将为我提供一个独特的机会来发展我作为兽医流行病学家的技能，以便我能够设计和领导有关人畜共患疾病出现原因的未来研究。