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Study of Nipah virus dynamics and genetics in its bat reservoir and of human exposure to NiV across Bangladesh to understand patterns of human outbreaks

研究蝙蝠储存库中的尼帕病毒动力学和遗传学，以及孟加拉国各地人类接触尼帕病毒的情况，以了解人类爆发的模式

基本信息

批准号：
10708783
负责人：
Jonathan H Epstein
金额：
$ 53.53万
依托单位：
ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-15 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Project Summary Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus, carried by old world fruit bats across Africa and Asia, which causes severe, fatal encephalitis in humans and can be transmitted from person to person. In Bangladesh, where outbreaks in people occur annually, the primary route of transmission is the consumption of raw date palm sap. Date palm sap is harvested and consumed most intensively in western Bangladesh, an area referred to as the “Nipah belt,” however, date palm sap consumption, NiV, and its bat reservoir, Pteropus medius, are present throughout Bangladesh. It is unclear why outbreaks have not been detected in eastern Bangladesh. Cryptic spillover of NiV creates a significant risk that more pathogenic and transmissible strains will emerge and lead to large epidemics. This multidisciplinary project will determine whether NiV outbreaks have occurred in eastern Bangladesh and how differences human behavior, infection patterns in bats, and genetic variation in circulating strains of NiV influence outbreaks outside of the Nipah belt. This project combines human exposure studies with multi-site longitudinal infection studies in bats and in vivo experimental infections in bats and hamsters comparing clinical outcomes among diverse strains to achieve the following specific aims: 1) To compare NiV exposure and its behavioral determinants among human populations inside and outside the Nipah belt in Bangladesh. We will test the hypothesis that NiV spillover has occurred in Bangladesh in communities outside the Nipah belt. We’ll use behavioral questionnaires and a multiplex Luminex serological assay to screen high risk populations for IgG antibodies against NiV and determine if Nipah exposure has occurred and how behavioral risk varies by locality. 2) To compare Nipah virus temporal dynamics in Pteropus bat colonies inside and outside of the Nipah belt. We will conduct longitudinal bat NiV field studies in six locations (3 western, 3 eastern), characterize local bat demography, measure changes in seroprevalence over time; determine viral shedding patterns and genetic variation among strains. Through experimental bat infections in a BSL 4 lab, we will determine whether bats with antibodies against NiV (previous exposure) may be re-infected and shed virus. This will answer a critical question about transmission dynamics and allow us to test the hypothesis that viral shedding occurs with different frequency in eastern bats compared to western bats, which may influence zoonotic transmission. 3) To compare pathogenicity and transmissibility of diverse Nipah virus isolates from bats inside and outside the Nipah belt, using animal models. Malaysia type NiV and Bangladesh type have different clinical profiles in people. NiV genetic variation may account for lower human infection rates in eastern Bangladesh. To test this hypothesis, we will compare transmissibility and pathogenicity of diverse NiV strains isolated from Pteropus medius in a Syrian hamster model under BSL 4 conditions.

项目总结

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Evolutionary Dynamics and Epidemiology of Endemic and Emerging Coronaviruses in Humans, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife.

DOI：
10.3390/v13101908
发表时间：
2021-09-23
期刊：
Viruses
影响因子：
0
作者：
Islam A;Ferdous J;Islam S;Sayeed MA;Dutta Choudhury S;Saha O;Hassan MM;Shirin T
通讯作者：
Shirin T

Nipah Virus Exposure in Domestic and Peridomestic Animals Living in Human Outbreak Sites, Bangladesh, 2013-2015.

DOI：
10.3201/eid2902.221379
发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Islam, Ausraful;Cannon, Deborah L.;Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur;Khan, Salah Uddin;Epstein, Jonathan H.;Daszak, Peter;Luby, Stephen P.;Montgomery, Joel M.;Klena, John D.;Gurley, Emily S.
通讯作者：
Gurley, Emily S.

Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh.

DOI：
10.3390/ani10101814
发表时间：
2020-10-05
期刊：
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
影响因子：
0
作者：
Hassan MM;Kalam MA;Alam M;Shano S;Faruq AA;Hossain MS;Islam MN;Khan SA;Islam A
通讯作者：
Islam A

Epidemiology and phylodynamics of multiple clades of H5N1 circulating in domestic duck farms in different production systems in Bangladesh.

孟加拉国不同生产系统的国内养鸭场中传播的 H5N1 多个分支的流行病学和系统动力学。

DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168613
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Islam, Ariful;Hossain, Mohammad Enayet;Amin, Emama;Islam, Shariful;Islam, Monjurul;Sayeed, Md Abu;Hasan, Md Mehedi;Miah, Mojnu;Hassan, Mohammad Mahmudul;Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur;Shirin, Tahmina
通讯作者：
Shirin, Tahmina

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics.

DOI：
10.3201/eid2903.221079
发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Vora, Neil M.;Hannah, Lee;Walzer, Chris;Vale, Mariana M.;Lieberman, Susan;Emerson, Ashley;Jennings, Jonathan;Alders, Robyn;Bonds, Matthew H.;Evans, Jo;Chilukuri, Bhavana;Cook, Sonila;Sizer, Nigel C.;Epstein, Jonathan H.
通讯作者：
Epstein, Jonathan H.