The Impact of School Food Policy on Childhood Obesity

学校食品政策对儿童肥胖的影响

• 批准号: 8116220
• 负责人: Amy Ellen Schwartz
• 金额: $ 32.59万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8116220
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adopted; Affect; Body mass index; Case Study; Characteristics; Child; Cities; Consumption; Data; Diet; Distal; Effectiveness; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Face; Faculty; Federal Government; Food; Food Policy; Funding; Guidelines; Health; Height; Human Resources; Income; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratory Study; Link; Methods; Neighborhoods; New York City; Obesity; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Overweight; Physical Fitness; Police; Policies; Policy Making; Population; Price; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Role; Schools; Shapes; Solutions; Students; Surveys; Time; United States; Variant; Weight; Youth; base; combat; fitness; improved; innovation; obesity in children; payment; programs; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity among children is one of the most pressing public health problems in the United States. We currently have few policy tools to effectively reduce obesity at the population level. However, schools are a prime place to influence this epidemic. The School Food program, including both the school lunch and breakfast programs, serves more than 30 million children every day, making it arguably one of the most important levers available to policymakers for improving the diet of America9s youth. Although the federal government provides funding assistance and strict dietary guidelines to these programs, their success is shaped critically by policies adopted by schools and school districts regarding price, menu, quality, variety, timing, context, method of delivery, means of payment, and available alternatives. Together these affect student participation in school meal programs, consumption of healthy foods, and, ultimately, childhood obesity. The New York City (NYC) public schools offer a unique laboratory for studying the effects of school food policies on program participation, obesity, and academic achievement. With its 1.1 million students and more than 1,600 schools, NYC exhibits wide variation in food policies and programs across schools, considerable diversity in neighborhood settings and contexts, and a remarkably diverse student body. NYC has also long been at the cutting edge in its efforts to combat youth obesity. For example, in 2005, the city schools began collecting annual FITNESSGRAM data on height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and indicators of health-related fitness for more than 200,000 students. In 2008, the program expanded to well over 750,000 students. In this project, we will link FITNESSGRAM data collected in NYC to individual student and school characteristics to better understand the influence schools have on student health through their food policies. Specifically, we seek to use econometric methods to investigate the role school and district food policies have on (a) BMI, (b) meal program participation, and (c) academic outcomes. The first outcome is available to us for individual students through the FITNESSGRAM, while meal program participation is reported by income group and school. Academic outcomes for individual students--linkable to the FITNESSGRAM--are available to us for the universe of students grades 1-12. Data on district policies, school practices, and neighborhood context will be collected via a city-wide survey of schools, interviews with district personnel, and several school case studies. This project will provide considerable data on the impact of a wide range of school food policies on childhood obesity, through direct observation of BMI. As other school districts and state and federal policymakers struggle with policy approaches to influence childhood obesity, these results will indicate which policies are successful and worth pursuing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing public health problems we face, yet few policy-oriented solutions to address the problem currently exist. This project will determine the influence of school-level policies, one of the most promising approaches to influence obesity, on Body Mass Index (BMI) and a number of other critical outcomes measures.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童肥胖是美国最紧迫的公共卫生问题之一。目前，我们几乎没有什么政策工具可以有效减少人口层面的肥胖。然而，学校是影响这一流行病的主要场所。学校食品计划，包括学校午餐和早餐计划，每天为超过 3000 万儿童提供服务，这使其成为政策制定者改善美国青少年饮食的最重要手段之一。尽管联邦政府为这些计划提供资金援助和严格的饮食指南，但它们的成功很大程度上取决于学校和学区在价格、菜单、质量、品种、时间、背景、交付方式、支付方式和可用替代方案方面采取的政策。这些因素共同影响学生对学校供餐计划的参与、健康食品的消费，并最终影响儿童肥胖。纽约市 (NYC) 公立学校提供了一个独特的实验室，用于研究学校食品政策对项目参与、肥胖和学业成绩的影响。纽约市拥有 110 万名学生和 1,600 多所学校，各学校的食品政策和计划存在很大差异，社区环境和环境也存在很大差异，学生群体也非常多元化。纽约市长期以来在对抗青少年肥胖方面也一直处于领先地位。例如，2005年，城市学校开始收集超过20万名学生的年度FITNESSGRAM数据，包括身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)以及与健康相关的健身指标。 2008 年，该计划扩大到超过 750,000 名学生。在该项目中，我们会将纽约市收集的 FITNESSGRAM 数据与学生个体和学校特征联系起来，以更好地了解学校通过其食品政策对学生健康的影响。具体来说，我们寻求使用计量经济学方法来调查学校和地区食品政策对 (a) BMI、(b) 膳食计划参与和 (c) 学业成绩的作用。我们可以通过 FITNESSGRAM 为个别学生提供第一个结果，而膳食计划的参与情况则按收入群体和学校报告。 我们可以为所有 1 至 12 年级的学生提供个别学生的学业成绩（可与 FITNESSGRAM 关联）。有关学区政策、学校实践和社区环境的数据将通过全市范围内的学校调查、学区工作人员访谈以及一些学校案例研究来收集。 该项目将通过直接观察体重指数，提供有关各种学校食品政策对儿童肥胖影响的大量数据。当其他学区以及州和联邦政策制定者努力研究影响儿童肥胖的政策方法时，这些结果将表明哪些政策是成功的并且值得推行。 公共卫生相关性：儿童肥胖是我们面临的最紧迫的公共卫生问题之一，但目前很少有以政策为导向的解决方案来解决该问题。该项目将确定学校政策对体重指数（BMI）和许多其他关键结果指标的影响，这是影响肥胖最有希望的方法之一。