Flexibility of Learning in Infant Skill Acquisition

婴儿技能习得的学习灵活性

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8017643
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2010-02-03 至 2011-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to advance the understanding of flexibility in motor skill acquisition - how infants, children, and adults learn to select appropriate movements and modify them as necessary in accordance with the current constraints on action. Flexibility is imperative for adaptive motor decisions because the constraints on action (e.g., environment, bodies/skills, and penalties for error) are continually changing. Empirical work indicates that everyday experience with balance and locomotion provides infants the wherewithal to flexibly adapt motor decisions to novel changes in their bodies, skills, and environment. Learning, however, is specific to each perception-action system in postural development (sitting, crawling, and walking). Specific Aim #1 is to test the flexibility and specificity of infants' motor decisions. The proposed experiments use an age-matched design to test flexibility within experienced perception-action systems under conditions of altered body dimensions/skills and penalties for error and to test specificity between experienced vs. newly acquired perception-action systems. Specific Aim #2 is to describe the time course of flexibility. The proposed studies use a microgenetic design to test experience-related changes in infants' ability to cope with novel constraints on action and a cross-sectional design to test age-related changes in flexibility from infancy to old age. Specific Aim #3 is to assess flexibility in "specialized" perception-action systems - skills acquired after infancy by only a subset of children due to specific opportunities and demands. Proposed studies use a "monkey bar" paradigm to test children's motor decisions under conditions of altered body constraints and penalties for error. Across all experiments, a psychophysical method will be used to quantify the correspondence between motor decisions and actual possibilities for action. As the penalties for errors in the proposed studies are falling or entrapment, findings will provide insight into these two leading causes of accidental injury. Falling from monkey bars is the leading cause of playground injury in middle childhood. In addition, the proposed methods, conceptual framework, and findings can provide the basis for assessing flexibility in children with motor impairments and for tracking improvements in flexibility with therapy.
描述(由申请人提供):本研究的总体目标是促进对运动技能获得灵活性的理解-婴儿,儿童和成人如何学习选择适当的运动,并根据当前的行动限制进行必要的修改。灵活性对于适应性运动决策是必不可少的,因为对动作的约束(例如,环境、身体/技能和对错误的惩罚)都在不断变化。实证研究表明,平衡和运动的日常经验为婴儿提供了必要的手段,以灵活地调整运动决策,以适应他们的身体,技能和环境的新变化。然而,学习是特定于姿势发展中的每一个感知-动作系统(坐、爬和走)。具体目标#1是测试婴儿运动决策的灵活性和特异性。拟议的实验使用年龄匹配的设计,以测试灵活性,在有经验的感知-动作系统的条件下,改变身体尺寸/技能和处罚的错误,并测试有经验的与新获得的感知-动作系统之间的特异性。具体目标#2是描述灵活性的时间过程。拟议的研究使用微观遗传设计来测试婴儿科普行动新约束的能力的经验相关变化,并使用横截面设计来测试从婴儿到老年的灵活性的年龄相关变化。具体目标#3是评估“专业化”感知-行动系统的灵活性-婴儿期后由于特定的机会和需求而仅由一部分儿童获得的技能。拟议的研究使用“猴吧”范式测试儿童的运动决定的条件下,改变身体的限制和惩罚的错误。在所有实验中,心理物理学方法将用于量化运动决策和实际行动可能性之间的对应关系。由于在拟议的研究中的错误的处罚是下降或诱捕,研究结果将提供深入了解这两个主要原因的意外伤害。从单杠上摔下来是儿童中期操场受伤的主要原因。此外,所提出的方法,概念框架和研究结果可以提供基础,评估灵活性的儿童运动障碍和跟踪改善灵活性与治疗。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

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Karen E Adolph其他文献

Children plan manual actions similarly in structured tasks and in free play
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106124
  • 发表时间:
    2025-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Sara Golmakani;Brianna E Kaplan;Karen E Adolph;Ori Ossmy
  • 通讯作者:
    Ori Ossmy

Karen E Adolph的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Karen E Adolph', 18)}}的其他基金

Play & Learning Across a Year (PLAY)
  • 批准号:
    9764453
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Play & Learning Across a Year (PLAY)
  • 批准号:
    10630902
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Learning About Hidden Affordances
了解隐藏的可供性
  • 批准号:
    9757814
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Learning About Hidden Affordances
了解隐藏的可供性
  • 批准号:
    9353853
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Learning About Hidden Affordances
了解隐藏的可供性
  • 批准号:
    10013250
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Learning About Hidden Affordances
了解隐藏的可供性
  • 批准号:
    9004839
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Databrary: An open video-based data-sharing system for developmental science
Databrary:用于发展科学的基于视频的开放数据共享系统
  • 批准号:
    8644830
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Databrary: An open video-based data-sharing system for developmental science
Databrary:用于发展科学的基于视频的开放数据共享系统
  • 批准号:
    9033938
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Databrary: An open video-based data-sharing system for developmental science
Databrary:用于发展科学的基于视频的开放数据共享系统
  • 批准号:
    8531595
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:
Flexibility of Learning in Infant Skill Acquisition
婴儿技能习得的学习灵活性
  • 批准号:
    7096965
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 7.46万
  • 项目类别:

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