Investigating interactions between mineral-associated and dissolved soil organic matter to improve understanding of soil carbon retention under intermittent flooding

研究矿物相关有机质和溶解土壤有机质之间的相互作用，以提高对间歇性洪水下土壤碳保留的了解

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03250
• 负责人: Kallenbach, Cynthia
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743307
• 关键词: Investigating; interactions; between; mineral; associated

The long-term goal of my research program is to understand how soil organic matter (SOM) is impacted by the interactions of soil microbial communities and plants under global change and land-use management. SOM governs key ecosystem services such as regulating climate change through carbon (C) stored within SOM. Maintaining and increasing global SOM stocks is a global priority yet also a consistent challenge due to climate change stressors that often accelerate SOM mineralization. The prevailing thinking is that SOM is protected from microbial mineralization via strong chemical interactions that attached organic matter to soil minerals, limiting microbial access. Thus, the mineral-associated organic matter pool (MAOM) is considered the most relevant fraction of SOM for understanding long-term SOM retention and C sequestration. However, this overlooks emerging evidence that this MAOM pool is vulnerable to loss, easily disassociating from minerals into dissolved organic matter (DOM) where it can then be leached or respired by microbes. This often occurs during flood events when oxygen depletion releases MAOM from its chemical protective bonds into DOM. In Eastern Canada, increases in flood intensity and duration are expected with climate change, necessitating a more complete understanding of SOM vulnerability and retention following flood events. A more accurate framework that considers the complex biophysical controls on the exchanges between MAOM and DOM during flood events is needed to understand the mechanisms controlling soil C storage. Over the next five years my goal is to gain insights into how biophysical controls affect the exchanges between MAOM and DOM under intermittent flooding and to apply the knowledge gained to better understand flooding impacts on the net balance of persistent SOM. To address this, I will integrate insight from across three short-term objectives: 1. Determine how soil structure impacts sorption and solubilization of SOM during flood events and consequently the net balance of MAOM. 2. Evaluate the influence of microbial growth responses to flooding and the subsequent outcomes on DOM-MAOM exchanges and C loss. 3. Explore how rhizosphere processes counter-act or amplify flooding effects on DOM-MAOM exchange. My program will generate much needed fundamental knowledge of MAOM and DOM exchange and SOM retention, providing a more complete picture of SOM under intermittent flooding and agricultural management scenarios, priority goals for Canadian governments and land resource managers, including the agri-food sector. Novel outcomes from this program will explain how plant roots, soil microbial communities, and the soil physical environment impact MAOM vulnerability to flooding. My program will train 7 HQP who will gain expertise in molecular chemical and microbial techniques, isotope biogeochemistry, and designing and implementing experiments, positioning them to become leaders in the field of soil biogeochemistry.

我的研究计划的长期目标是了解土壤有机质（SOM）是如何影响土壤微生物群落和植物在全球变化和土地利用管理的相互作用。SOM管理着关键的生态系统服务，例如通过储存在SOM中的碳（C）来调节气候变化。维持和增加全球SOM储量是一个全球优先事项，但也是一个持续的挑战，因为气候变化的压力往往会加速SOM矿化。普遍的想法是，SOM是通过强大的化学相互作用，将有机质附着在土壤矿物上，限制微生物进入，从而免受微生物矿化的影响。因此，矿物相关的有机质池（MAOM）被认为是最相关的部分SOM了解长期SOM保留和C封存。然而，这忽视了新出现的证据，即MAOM池容易流失，很容易从矿物质中分离成溶解的有机物（DOM），然后被微生物沥滤或呼吸。这通常发生在洪水事件期间，当氧气耗尽时，MAOM从其化学保护键释放到DOM中。在加拿大东部，预计随着气候变化，洪水强度和持续时间将增加，因此有必要更全面地了解洪水事件后SOM的脆弱性和保留。 一个更准确的框架，认为在洪水事件期间MAOM和DOM之间的交换复杂的生物物理控制，需要了解控制土壤C存储的机制。在接下来的五年里，我的目标是深入了解生物物理控制如何影响间歇性洪水下MAOM和DOM之间的交流，并应用所获得的知识，以更好地了解洪水对持续SOM的净平衡的影响。 为了解决这个问题，我将整合三个短期目标的见解：1。确定土壤结构如何影响在洪水事件期间SOM的吸附和溶解，从而MAOM的净平衡。2.评估微生物生长对洪水的影响以及随后对DOM-MAOM交换和C损失的结果。3.探索根际过程如何抵消或放大DOM-MAOM交换的洪水效应。我的计划将产生急需的MAOM和DOM交换和SOM保留的基础知识，提供了一个更完整的图片SOM间歇性洪水和农业管理方案下，加拿大政府和土地资源管理者的优先目标，包括农业食品部门。该计划的新成果将解释植物根系，土壤微生物群落和土壤物理环境如何影响MAOM对洪水的脆弱性。我的计划将培养7名HQP，他们将获得分子化学和微生物技术，同位素地球化学以及设计和实施实验的专业知识，使他们成为土壤地球化学领域的领导者。