The role of maternal energy metabolism on lipogenesis in the prenatal piglet

母体能量代谢对产前仔猪脂肪生成的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03512
• 负责人: Beaulieu, Angela
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743518
• 关键词: role; maternal; energy; metabolism; lipogenesis

Advances in genetics and management in commercial swine has successfully resulted in increased litter size. Unfortunately however, increased litter size results in decreased average birth weight and increased mortality. Piglets are born with very low lipid reserves, especially low birth weight piglets and this may contribute to the high mortality. Pregnancy in both swine and humans is characterized by an initial weight gain in the maternal tissues followed by a catabolic state in late gestation when maternal tissues are mobilized and used for fetal growth. Another feature of late gestation is insulin resistance (IR). Insulin resistance in the maternal tissues means that nutrients will be preferentially directed to the rapidly growing fetuses.  The overall hypothesis of this program is that lipogenesis in the neonatal piglet will be improved, if increased maternal plasma precursor concentrations (glucose and lipids) can be obtained while maintaining IR in the maternal tissues.  Further we hypothesize that this will improve piglet vitality and survival.   The studies outlined for the initial 5 years of this program will fulfill 3 objectives. The first objective is to identify the molecular pathways limiting lipogenesis in prenatal piglets from commercial swine breeds. This will be accomplished by comparing molecules associated with lipid metabolism (lipidome) from sows and piglets of a commercial swine breed to sows and piglets with at least 50% Meishan genetics. The Meishan is a traditional swine breed characterized by extremely high body fat. Results from this study will inform markers to be measured in subsequent experiments. The second objective is to determine if a high fat diet in early gestation will increase circulating maternal lipogenic precursors during the catabolic state in late gestation while maintaining IR, thus partitioning these precursors to the developing fetuses. The final objective, will be to determine if increases in piglet birth weight and lipid content in the body improves piglet vitality, survival and growth.  Overall, the data obtained in this project can be utilized by swine producers to reduce piglet mortality, thus improving economic and environmental sustainability with increased efficiencies. Moreover, considering similarities and differences between humans and swine, the data can provide information on the role of diet on IR and effects on the developing fetus. Future research can focus on the role of different energy sources, carbohydrate vs lipid and further delineation on the role of IR in late gestation on fetal development.

经济猪遗传学和管理的进步已经成功地增加了窝产仔数。然而，不幸的是，增加窝仔数会导致平均出生体重下降和死亡率增加。仔猪出生时脂肪储备非常低，特别是低出生体重仔猪，这可能导致高死亡率。猪和人妊娠的特征均为母体组织的初始体重增加，随后在妊娠晚期母体组织被动员并用于胎儿生长时处于分解代谢状态。妊娠晚期的另一个特征是胰岛素抵抗（IR）。母体组织中的胰岛素抵抗意味着营养物质将优先被引导到快速生长的胎儿。本项目的总体假设是，如果能够获得增加的母体血浆前体浓度（葡萄糖和脂质），同时维持母体组织中的胰岛素抵抗，则新生仔猪的脂肪生成将得到改善。此外，我们假设这将改善仔猪的活力和存活率。 该计划最初5年概述的研究将实现3个目标。第一个目标是确定限制商业猪种产前仔猪脂肪生成的分子途径。这将通过比较商业猪种的母猪和仔猪与至少50%梅山遗传的母猪和仔猪的脂质代谢相关分子（脂质组）来实现。梅山猪是一个传统的猪种，具有极高的体脂含量。这项研究的结果将为后续实验中测量的标记物提供信息。第二个目的是确定妊娠早期的高脂肪饮食是否会增加妊娠晚期分解代谢状态期间循环的母体脂肪生成前体，同时维持IR，从而将这些前体分配给发育中的胎儿。最终目的是确定仔猪出生体重和体内脂质含量的增加是否会提高仔猪活力、存活率和生长。总体而言，该项目获得的数据可供养猪生产商利用，以降低仔猪死亡率，从而提高经济和环境的可持续性，提高效率。此外，考虑到人类和猪之间的相似性和差异，这些数据可以提供有关饮食对IR的作用以及对发育中胎儿的影响的信息。未来的研究可以集中在不同的能量来源，碳水化合物与脂质的作用，并进一步阐明IR在妊娠晚期对胎儿发育的作用。