The role of maternal energy metabolism on lipogenesis in the prenatal piglet

母体能量代谢对产前仔猪脂肪生成的作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03512
• 负责人: Beaulieu, Angela
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=742594
• 关键词: role; maternal; energy; metabolism; lipogenesis

Advances in genetics and management in commercial swine has successfully resulted in increased litter size. Unfortunately however, increased litter size results in decreased average birth weight and increased mortality. Piglets are born with very low lipid reserves, especially low birth weight piglets and this may contribute to the high mortality. Pregnancy in both swine and humans is characterized by an initial weight gain in the maternal tissues followed by a catabolic state in late gestation when maternal tissues are mobilized and used for fetal growth. Another feature of late gestation is insulin resistance (IR). Insulin resistance in the maternal tissues means that nutrients will be preferentially directed to the rapidly growing fetuses.  The overall hypothesis of this program is that lipogenesis in the neonatal piglet will be improved, if increased maternal plasma precursor concentrations (glucose and lipids) can be obtained while maintaining IR in the maternal tissues.  Further we hypothesize that this will improve piglet vitality and survival.   The studies outlined for the initial 5 years of this program will fulfill 3 objectives. The first objective is to identify the molecular pathways limiting lipogenesis in prenatal piglets from commercial swine breeds. This will be accomplished by comparing molecules associated with lipid metabolism (lipidome) from sows and piglets of a commercial swine breed to sows and piglets with at least 50% Meishan genetics. The Meishan is a traditional swine breed characterized by extremely high body fat. Results from this study will inform markers to be measured in subsequent experiments. The second objective is to determine if a high fat diet in early gestation will increase circulating maternal lipogenic precursors during the catabolic state in late gestation while maintaining IR, thus partitioning these precursors to the developing fetuses. The final objective, will be to determine if increases in piglet birth weight and lipid content in the body improves piglet vitality, survival and growth.  Overall, the data obtained in this project can be utilized by swine producers to reduce piglet mortality, thus improving economic and environmental sustainability with increased efficiencies. Moreover, considering similarities and differences between humans and swine, the data can provide information on the role of diet on IR and effects on the developing fetus. Future research can focus on the role of different energy sources, carbohydrate vs lipid and further delineation on the role of IR in late gestation on fetal development.

商品猪遗传学和管理方面的进步成功地增加了产仔数。然而不幸的是，产仔数的增加导致平均出生体重下降和死亡率增加。仔猪出生时的脂质储备非常低，尤其是低出生体重仔猪，这可能导致高死亡率。猪和人类怀孕的特点是母体组织最初体重增加，随后在妊娠晚期进入分解代谢状态，此时母体组织被动员并用于胎儿生长。妊娠晚期的另一个特征是胰岛素抵抗（IR）。母体组织中的胰岛素抵抗意味着营养物质将优先输送给快速生长的胎儿。  该计划的总体假设是，如果在维持母体组织中的 IR 的同时获得增加的母体血浆前体浓度（葡萄糖和脂质），则新生仔猪的脂肪生成将会得到改善。  此外，我们假设这将提高仔猪的活力和存活率。   该计划最初 5 年的研究概述将实现 3 个目标。第一个目标是确定限制商业猪品种产前仔猪脂肪生成的分子途径。这将通过将商业猪品种的母猪和仔猪与具有至少 50% 梅山遗传的母猪和仔猪的脂质代谢（脂质组）相关分子进行比较来实现。眉山猪是传统猪种，其特点是体脂极高。这项研究的结果将为后续实验中要测量的标记提供信息。第二个目标是确定妊娠早期的高脂肪饮食是否会增加妊娠晚期分解代谢状态下母体脂肪生成前体的循环，同时维持 IR，从而将这些前体分配给发育中的胎儿。最终目标是确定仔猪出生体重和体内脂质含量的增加是否可以改善仔猪的活力、存活和生长。  总体而言，生猪生产者可以利用该项目获得的数据来降低仔猪死亡率，从而提高经济和环境的可持续性并提高效率。此外，考虑到人类和猪之间的相似性和差异，这些数据可以提供有关饮食对IR的作用以及对发育中的胎儿的影响的信息。未来的研究可以集中于不同能量来源、碳水化合物与脂质的作用，并进一步描述妊娠晚期IR对胎儿发育的作用。