Nutritional strategies for mitigating the negative effects of heat stress in broilers

减轻肉鸡热应激负面影响的营养策略

• 批准号: 560344-2020
• 负责人: SchweanLardner, KarenKV
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743517
• 关键词: Nutritional; strategies; mitigating; negative; effects

Heat stress is an increasing concern for the poultry industry worldwide due to climate change. Canada deals with some of the greatest temperature extremes on the planet and recent reports estimate it is warming at double the global rate. Recent reviews report climate change effects on food security as a major human health issue for Canadians. Broiler chickens make up a major part of Canadian food security and the economy. The temperatures at which poultry are reared are tightly regulated, with any heat or cold stress resulting in reduced welfare and production. With heat stress feed intake is reduced, metabolic rate and pathways altered, and digestibility of protein sources impaired. Therefore, the actual dietary requirements for essential amino acids of heat stressed birds are likely altered by the physiological response to the stress and are largely unknown. This project will investigate the best ways to nutritionally alleviate heat stress in broilers through three studies. The first will investigate how the type and level of energy interact with the protein levels in the diet to affect growth. The second will determine the precise sulfur amino acid form and requirement. The final study will determine which dietary essential amino acid changes have the largest effect on growth and survivability. From these studies, we expect to elucidate specific dietary recommendations for broiler chickens reared under heat stress. This will not only improve bird welfare, as their resistance to heat stress will be improved, but will also improve the return on investment for producers during the summer months. Additional costs of veterinary interventions, unnecessary mortalities, and wasted nutrients will be avoided. A thorough understanding of the effects of crude protein levels and essential amino acid requirements in the diets of heat stressed broilers will allow for precision in formulating diets to exactly meet the needs of the bird, without wasting resources. This reduces the cost of the feed by limiting the use of expensive high protein ingredients that are often imported from other countries. Additionally, formulating diets to meet the needs of essential amino acids is known to reduce nitrogen excretion as an environmental pollutant.

由于气候变化，热应激是全球家禽业越来越关注的问题。加拿大涉及地球上一些极端温度的最大温度，最近的报告估计，它的变暖是全球速度的两倍。最近的评论报告了气候变化对粮食安全的影响是加拿大人的主要人类健康问题。肉鸡构成了加拿大粮食安全和经济的主要部分。饲养家禽的温度受到严格调节，任何热量或冷应力导致福利和生产降低。随着热应力进料的摄入量减少，代谢率和途径改变，蛋白质来源的消化率受损。因此，对压力鸟类的必需氨基酸的实际饮食要求可能会因对压力的生理反应而改变，并且在很大程度上未知。该项目将通过三项研究调查营养减轻肉鸡的热应激的最佳方法。第一个将研究能量的类型和水平如何与饮食中蛋白质水平相互作用以影响生长。第二个将确定精确的硫氨基酸形式和需求。最终研究将确定哪些饮食必需氨基酸的变化对生长和生存能力的影响最大。从这些研究中，我们希望阐明在热应激下饲养的肉鸡的特定饮食建议。这不仅会改善鸟类的福利，因为它们对热应激的抵抗力将得到改善，而且还将改善夏季生产商的投资回报率。将避免兽医干预措施，不必要的死亡和浪费营养的额外费用。对原油蛋白水平和必需氨基酸需求在热压力肉鸡饮食中的影响有透彻的理解将使精确地制定饮食以精确地满足鸟类的需求，而不会浪费资源。这通过限制使用通常从其他国家进口的昂贵的高蛋白质成分来降低饲料的成本。此外，已知制定饮食以满足必需氨基酸的需求，可以减少氮排泄作为环境污染物。