Social capital and HIV risk behavior among rural migrants in China

中国农民工的社会资本和艾滋病毒风险行为

• 批准号: 8111914
• 负责人: Xinguang Chen
• 金额: $ 32.42万
• 依托单位: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8111914
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Adopted; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholic Intoxication; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior Control; Belief; Capital; China; Chinese People; Chlamydia; Cities; Communities; Community Actions; Comprehension; Country; Data; Destinations; Development; Emotional; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Exposure to; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Gonorrhea; Grant; Gray unit of radiation dose; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Health behavior; High Prevalence; Immigration; Individual; Informal Social Control; International; Investments; Lead; Life; Link; Mediating; Mental Depression; Methods; Modeling; Nomads; Pathway interactions; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention; Prevention program; Probability Samples; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Publishing; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Rural; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sex Characteristics; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Network; Social support; Societies; Stress; Surveys; System; Technology; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Unsafe Sex; Urine; Work; base; career; contextual factors; cost effective; empowered; experience; farmer; innovation; insight; low socioeconomic status; male; member; metropolitan; migration; novel; population migration; programs; public health relevance; reconstruction; response; rural area; rural-urban migration; sex; sex risk; social; social capital; surveillance data; theories; transmission process; trend; urban area; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Worldwide data suggest that migrants are at increased risk of HIV infection. The high rates of HIV infection and the mobility of migrant populations make migrants a living bridge to spread the AIDS virus between the countries/places of origin and the countries/places of destination. Research findings indicate that the increased HIV infection among migrants is associated their high prevalence of HIV risk behaviors (substance use and risky sex), which in turn, are determined by socioenvironmental and situational factors. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which environmental factors lead to HIV risk behavior. Guided by the Social Capital Theory, in this project, we propose to test two hypothesized mechanisms that may link social influences to HIV risk behavior among migrants - the lack of social support (including informational, instrumental and emotional) and the weakening of informal social control (including collective efficacy and normative beliefs). Rural migrants lost their social capital (defined as durable, resource-rich, trustworthy, and reciprocal network connections a person accumulated) deeply rooted in the place of rural origin and they may experience difficulties rebuilding social capital in the urban destination due to their low socioeconomic status. Migrants with limited social capital may then experience difficulties obtaining informational, instrumental, and emotional support to establish their career and life in the stressful urban settings; consequently use of substance becomes an attractive and convenient option. The lack of social capital may also make migrants less responsive to the social capital-based collective efficacy (volunteer actions by community members against deviate behaviors that may devalue the community), increasing the likelihood to engage in sexual risk behavior. When rebuilding social capital, migrants may adopt more liberal attitudes and more open values about sex, leading to sexual risk behavior. Exposure to more opportunities in urban settings will further exacerbate the likelihood. The low SES of female migrants may explain the higher HIV risk among them than among their male counterparts. The unprecedented rural-to-urban migration in China with the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic and the high prevalence of HIV risk behavior among rural migrants provide a window opportunity to investigate these issues. We will conduct the proposed research in Wuhan, China, a metropolitan city and provincial capital with a population of 8.1 million and one million rural migrants. The proposed research is highly significant and very innovative. Data for the proposed research will be collected using probability samples. The study samples will be selected using cost-effective methods supported by the GIS/GPS technology and a sample of 1200 rural migrants will be contrasted with the same number of non- migrant residents in the rural areas from where rural migrants originate and non-migrant residents in the urban areas where the rural migrants are currently living and working. In addition to survey data, sexually transmitted infections will also be assessed. We expected that findings from this research will advance our understanding of the migration-related HIV/AIDS transmission and provide needed data supporting our next step of research - devising and implementing innovative programs for HIV prevention. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In this project, we propose to examine social capital and its relationship with HIV risk behavior and sexually transmitted infection among rural migrants in China using a random sample. This research is fully relevant to public health because the expected findings from this study will provide data supporting innovative HIV/AIDS prevention among Chinese rural migrants as well as migrants in general - a significant and global strategy in the era of frequent domestic and international population migration in response to globalization and the developmental disparities in the 21st century.

描述(由申请人提供)：全球数据表明，移民感染艾滋病毒的风险增加。艾滋病毒感染率高和移徙人口的流动使移徙人口成为在原籍国/地和目的地国/地之间传播艾滋病病毒的活生生的桥梁。研究结果表明，移民中艾滋病毒感染的增加与他们艾滋病毒危险行为(药物使用和危险性行为)的高流行率有关，而这又是由社会环境和情景因素决定的。然而，人们对环境因素导致艾滋病毒危险行为的机制知之甚少。在社会资本理论的指导下，在这个项目中，我们建议测试两个可能将社会影响与移民中的艾滋病毒危险行为联系起来的假想机制--缺乏社会支持(包括信息、工具和情感)和非正式社会控制的削弱(包括集体效能和规范信念)。农村移民失去了深深植根于农村原籍地的社会资本(定义为一个人积累的持久的、资源丰富的、值得信赖的和互惠的网络联系)，由于他们的社会经济地位较低，他们可能难以在城市目的地重建社会资本。然后，社会资本有限的移民可能难以获得信息、工具和情感支持，以便在充满压力的城市环境中建立他们的职业和生活；因此，使用物质成为一个有吸引力和便利的选择。缺乏社会资本也可能使移民对基于社会资本的集体效能(社区成员针对可能使社区贬值的偏离行为的自愿行动)反应较差，从而增加参与性风险行为的可能性。在重建社会资本时，移民可能会对性采取更自由的态度和更开放的价值观，从而导致性风险行为。在城市环境中接触到更多的机会将进一步加剧这种可能性。女性移民的社会地位较低可能解释了她们的艾滋病毒风险高于男性移民的原因。中国史无前例的从农村到城市的流动，伴随着艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情的日益增长和农村流动人口中艾滋病毒危险行为的高发，为调查这些问题提供了一个窗口机会。我们将在武汉、中国这座拥有810万人口和100万农村流动人口的大都市和省会城市进行拟议的研究。本文提出的研究具有重要意义和创新意义。将使用概率样本收集拟议研究的数据。研究样本将使用具有成本效益的方法在地理信息系统/全球定位系统技术的支持下进行选择，1200名农村移民的样本将与农村移民发源地农村地区的相同数量的非移民居民和农村移民目前生活和工作的城市地区的非移民居民进行对比。除调查数据外，还将评估性传播感染情况。我们预计，这项研究的结果将增进我们对与移民相关的艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播的了解，并为我们下一步的研究--设计和实施创新的艾滋病毒预防计划--提供必要的数据。 公共卫生相关性：在本项目中，我们建议采用随机抽样的方法，考察中国农村流动人口中的社会资本及其与艾滋病危险行为和性传播感染的关系。这项研究与公共卫生完全相关，因为这项研究的预期结果将提供数据，支持在中国农村流动人口和一般流动人口中创新艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防-在应对全球化和21世纪发展差距的国内和国际人口频繁迁移的时代，这是一项重要的全球战略。