NEURAL BASES OF EMOTION REGULATION AND DYSREGULATION IN ADOLESCENCE

本研究将以青少年为样本，探讨情绪调节与失调的神经基础 根据他们的内化障碍风险状况进行选择。青春期是一个风险 焦虑和情绪障碍的发病率大幅上升， 导致了这些疾病的发生我们将充分利用收集到的大量数据， 两个纵向队列，这将是该中心的一个中心特征。从这些队列中，三个样本将 得到考验一个样本由来自项目2的85名个体组成，他们接受了fMRI扫描， 在他们14岁的时候完成了几乎相同的任务。第二个样本也来自项目2 （埃塞克斯），将包括参与者，他们将被选择在生命早期（4.5岁）基础皮质醇水平不同 年）和青春期早期。在来自项目3（金匠）的另一个队列中， 将选择双卵双胞胎对，其中一个成员具有高水平的内化， 症状将以这种方式选择一致和不一致对。所有参与者将 接受扫描会议期间，功能性MRI将获得，而参与者从事两个 任务一项任务将评估自愿和自动情绪调节的神经相关性， 另一个任务是面部识别任务，评估对不同面部表情的敏感性 以及面对情绪干扰时的抑制控制。在扫描过程中，皮肤电和瞳孔 除了眼动追踪之外，还将获得测量结果。此外，参与者将获得 自动化版本的任务，旨在评估工作记忆容量（O-跨度），以确定关系 工作记忆容量和情绪调节之间的个体差异。我们将测试 假设青少年选择是脆弱的内化障碍（无论是因为皮质醇 焦虑的特征或症状）将表现出表达为高的不良情绪调节的证据。 杏仁核激活水平和腹内侧前额叶皮层低水平激活 来降低负面情绪在设计用于评估的任务阶段， 自动情绪调节面对去不去的任务将使我们能够测试的假设，青少年在 内化障碍的风险增加将表现出对恐惧和愤怒面孔的敏感性增加， 更保守的反应偏差（抑制他们对目标以外的面孔的反应）;此外，这些 预测个体在右额下回显示出增加的激活，在该区域中，我们 与社交焦虑有关。该项目的研究结果将提供新的 关于青春期情绪调节和失调的神经基础的证据，并将展示 这些过程在易患焦虑和情绪障碍方面的作用。

This project will examine the neural bases of emotion regulation and dysregulation in samples of adolescents selected on the basis of their risk status for internalizing disorder. Adolescent is a period during which risk for anxiety and mood disorders increases substantially and little is known about the brain mechanisms responsible for vulnerability to these disorders. We will take advantage of extensive data collected within two longitudinal cohorts that will be a central feature of this Center. From these cohorts, three samples will be tested. One sample consists of 85 individuals from Project 2 who underwent fMRI scanning using virtually the identical tasks when they were 14 years of age. A second sample, also derived from Project 2 (Essex), will include participants who will be selected to vary in levels of basal cortisol early in life (age 4.5 years) and later in early adolescence. In another cohort derived from Project 3 (Goldsmith) monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs will be selected in which one member of the pair has high levels of internalizing symptoms. Both concordant and discordant pairs will be selected in this manner. All participants will undergo a scanning session during which functional MRI will be obtained while participants engage in two tasks. One task will assess the neural correlates of both voluntary and automatic emotion regulation while the other task will be a face go-no-go task that assesses sensitivity to different facial expressions of emotion and inhibitory control in the face of emotional distracters. During scanning, electrodermal and pupillary measures will be obtained, in addition to eye tracking. In addition, participants will be administered an automated version of a task designed to assess working memory capacity (O-span) to ascertain the relation between individual differences in working memory capacity and emotion regulation. We will test the hypothesis that adolescents selected to be vulnerability to internalizing disorders (either because of cortisol profiles or symptoms of anxiety) will exhibit evidence of the poor emotion regulation expressed as high levels of amygdala activation and low levels of activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during instructions to down-regulate negative affect. A similar pattern is expected during the task phase designed to assess automatic emotion regulation. The face go-no-go task will allow us to test the hypothesis that adolescents at increased risk for internalizing disorders will show increased sensitivity to fear and angry faces and show a more conservative response bias (inhibiting their response to faces other than the target); moreover these individuals are predicted to show increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, a region in which we have previously found to correlated with social anxiety. The findings from this project will provide novel new evidence on the neural bases of emotion regulation and dysregulation in adolescence and will showcase the role of these processes in vulnerability to anxiety and mood disorders.