The plasticity of well-being: A research network to define, measure and promote human flourishing

项目概要/摘要 本U24申请是为了响应RFA-AT-20-003而编写的，旨在建立一个高优先级的研究网络， 情感幸福（EWB）。虽然关于幸福的心理学研究在20世纪60年代急剧增加， 过去15年来，几乎所有这些工作都是描述性的，没有强调福祉的“如何”： 幸福是如何培养的？此外，几乎所有现存的工作的相关性的个人 幸福感的差异使用了回顾性问卷的回答作为评估的主要工具， well-being.虽然有令人兴奋的发现，特别是将幸福感的个体差异与 尽管身体健康的各种指数，许多问题仍然存在，方法上的局限性困扰着 这项工作这个U24网络将组建一个由10名调查员组成的高度多学科小组， 更多的未来）机构，以显着推进我们的理解“如何”的EWB，确定核心 EWB的塑料成分，规定和/或制定这些成分在生物学方面的稳健措施， 行为和经验层面的分析和表征这些成分的可塑性。的 测量战略将最终侧重于开发基于技术的被动测量， EWB不需要明确的用户输入，具有高度可伸缩性。该网络还将把工作重点放在 开发和评估培训EWB的方案，并将评估这些方案是否可以作为 预防战略。该网络将由来自广泛领域的科学家和学者组成， 心理学、神经科学、电子和计算机工程、人口健康和生物学、计算机 科学和人文学科。这些科学家和学者将专注于以下主要目标：目标1： 达成一个核心共识的最小集的成分，可以描述和测量的生物， 行为和经验层面，构成EWB的塑料元素，并指定已经存在的 测量和/或在每个分析水平上开发这些结构中的每一个的新测量。目标2：使用 目标1中所述的主动措施，使用数字技术开发被动措施， 幸福的核心组成部分。目标3：制定专门侧重于预防的试点项目 学习幸福感的策略。该网络将培训新的调查人员， 建立调查到这个新领域，传播一个框架，了解可塑性良好， 这是一个评估福祉组成部分可塑性的措施工具箱， 数据集，展示了新的被动和现场友好的生物措施。通过这些方式，网络 将大大加快EWB这一新兴领域的进展。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This U24 application is written in response to RFA-AT-20-003 to establish a high-priority research network on emotional well-being (EWB). While psychological research on well-being has dramatically increased over the past 15 years, virtually all of this work has been descriptive and has not emphasized the “how” of well-being: How might well-being be cultivated? In addition, virtually all of the extant work on the correlates of individual differences in well-being has used responses on retrospective questionnaires as the primary tool to assess well-being. While there have been exciting findings, particularly relating individual differences in well-being to various indices of physical health, many questions remain and methodological limitations plague the validity of this work. This U24 network will assemble a highly multi-disciplinary group of 10 investigators across 3 (or more in the future) institutions to significantly advance our understanding of the “how” of EWB, identify the core plastic constituents of EWB, specify and/or develop robust measures of these constituents at biological, behavioral and experiential levels of analysis and characterize the plasticity of these constituents. The measurement strategy will ultimately focus on the development of technology-based passive measures of EWB that require no explicit user input and are highly scalable. The network will also focus its efforts on the development and evaluation of programs to train EWB and will assess whether such programs might serve as prevention strategies. The network will consist of scientists and scholars from a broad range of fields including psychology, neuroscience, electrical and computer engineering, population health and biology, computer science and the humanities. These scientists and scholars will focus on the following major aims: Aim 1: To arrive at a core consensus of the minimal set of constituents that can be described and measured at biological, behavioral and experiential levels that constitute the plastic elements of EWB and to specify already existing measures and /or develop novel measures of each of these constructs at each level of analysis. Aim 2: Using the active measures described in Aim 1, to develop passive measures using digital technologies of at least two of the core constituents of well-being. Aim 3: To develop pilot projects specifically focusing on prevention strategies for learning well-being in various samples. The network will train new investigators and bring established investigators into this new field, disseminate a framework for understanding the plasticity of well- being, a toolbox of measures for assessing the plasticity of components of well-being, and several pilot datasets that showcase the novel passive and field-friendly biological measures. In these ways, the network will dramatically accelerate progress in the nascent field of EWB.