The plasticity of well-being: A research network to define, measure and promote human flourishing

项目摘要/摘要 此U24应用程序是为响应RFA-AT-20-003而编写的，以在以下方面建立高优先级研究网络 情绪幸福(EWB)。虽然关于幸福感的心理学研究在过去的几年里急剧增加 在过去的15年里，几乎所有这些工作都是描述性的，并没有强调幸福的“如何”： 如何培养幸福感？此外，几乎所有现存的关于个体相关性的工作 幸福感差异使用对回溯性问卷的回答作为评估的主要工具 幸福。虽然已经有了令人兴奋的发现，特别是将幸福感的个体差异与 身体健康的各种指标，许多问题仍然存在，方法学的局限性困扰着 这项工作。这个U24网络将汇集一个由10名调查人员组成的高度多学科的小组，横跨3个(或 未来更多)机构，以显著提高我们对EWB如何的理解，确定核心 EWB的塑料成分，指定和/或制定这些成分在生物、 行为和经验层面的分析和表征这些成分的可塑性。这个 测量战略最终将侧重于发展以技术为基础的被动测量 不需要显式用户输入且高度可伸缩的EWB。该网络还将把工作重点放在 制定和评估培训EWB的方案，并将评估这些方案是否可以作为 预防策略。该网络将由来自广泛领域的科学家和学者组成，包括 心理学、神经科学、电气和计算机工程、人口健康和生物学、计算机 科学和人文学科。这些科学家和学者将重点关注以下主要目标：目标1： 达成最小成分集合的核心共识，这些成分可以在生物学上描述和测量， 构成EWB的可塑性元素的行为和经验水平，并具体说明已存在的 在每个分析级别上对这些构造中的每一个进行测量和/或开发新的测量。目标2：使用 目标1中描述的主动措施，使用至少两种数字技术开发被动措施 幸福的核心要素。目标3：制定专门以预防为重点的试点项目 在各种样本中学习幸福感的策略。该网络将培训新的调查人员并带来 这一新领域的成熟研究人员，传播了一个了解油井可塑性的框架 Being，一个评估幸福组成部分可塑性的衡量标准工具箱，以及几个试点项目 展示新的被动和野外友好的生物措施的数据集。通过这些方式，网络 将极大地加快EWB这一新兴领域的进展。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This U24 application is written in response to RFA-AT-20-003 to establish a high-priority research network on emotional well-being (EWB). While psychological research on well-being has dramatically increased over the past 15 years, virtually all of this work has been descriptive and has not emphasized the “how” of well-being: How might well-being be cultivated? In addition, virtually all of the extant work on the correlates of individual differences in well-being has used responses on retrospective questionnaires as the primary tool to assess well-being. While there have been exciting findings, particularly relating individual differences in well-being to various indices of physical health, many questions remain and methodological limitations plague the validity of this work. This U24 network will assemble a highly multi-disciplinary group of 10 investigators across 3 (or more in the future) institutions to significantly advance our understanding of the “how” of EWB, identify the core plastic constituents of EWB, specify and/or develop robust measures of these constituents at biological, behavioral and experiential levels of analysis and characterize the plasticity of these constituents. The measurement strategy will ultimately focus on the development of technology-based passive measures of EWB that require no explicit user input and are highly scalable. The network will also focus its efforts on the development and evaluation of programs to train EWB and will assess whether such programs might serve as prevention strategies. The network will consist of scientists and scholars from a broad range of fields including psychology, neuroscience, electrical and computer engineering, population health and biology, computer science and the humanities. These scientists and scholars will focus on the following major aims: Aim 1: To arrive at a core consensus of the minimal set of constituents that can be described and measured at biological, behavioral and experiential levels that constitute the plastic elements of EWB and to specify already existing measures and /or develop novel measures of each of these constructs at each level of analysis. Aim 2: Using the active measures described in Aim 1, to develop passive measures using digital technologies of at least two of the core constituents of well-being. Aim 3: To develop pilot projects specifically focusing on prevention strategies for learning well-being in various samples. The network will train new investigators and bring established investigators into this new field, disseminate a framework for understanding the plasticity of well- being, a toolbox of measures for assessing the plasticity of components of well-being, and several pilot datasets that showcase the novel passive and field-friendly biological measures. In these ways, the network will dramatically accelerate progress in the nascent field of EWB.