SENSORY AND MOTOR INTEGRATION IN THE SPINAL CORD

脊髓中的感觉和运动整合

• 批准号: 8097029
• 负责人: Paul S. Stein
• 金额: $ 4.56万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8097029
• 关键词: Accounting; Agonist; Behavior; Biological Models; Categories; Characteristics; Classification; Cutaneous; Fire - disasters; Flexor; Freedom; Frequencies; Generations; Hindlimb; Hip region structure; Human; Induction of neuromuscular blockade; Interneurons; Knee; Measures; Modification; Motor; Motor Activity; Motor Neurons; Motor output; Neurons; Pattern; Phase; Population; Property; Reflex action; Research Personnel; Sensory; Spinal; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord transection injury; Techniques; Testing; Turtles; Variant; Vertebrates; Work; central pattern generator; extracellular; injured; interest; member; programs; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuronal networks in the spinal cord, termed central pattern generators (CPGs), have considerable motor capacity and can be activated by cutaneous stimulation in a spinal vertebrate with complete spinal cord transection. CPGs produce coordinated motor output in model systems of spinal vertebrates immobilized with neuromuscular blockade. The immobilized spinal turtle produces the motor patterns of mixed-synergy rostral scratch, conventional-synergy pocket scratch, and conventional-synergy flexion reflex. In rostral scratch, monoarticular knee extensors are active during hip-flexor activity; in pocket scratch, monoarticuiar knee extensors are active during hip-extensor activity; in flexion reflex, knee flexors are active during hip-flexor activity. We record single-unit descending propriospinal interneuron activity during these moter patterns. We test predictions of Grillner's unit-burst-generator hypothesis of CPG organization in which each direction of each degree of freedom is controlled by a specific module, e.g., hip flexor, hip extensor, knee flexor, knee extensor, etc. We study interneurons that are candidate members of each module during normal rostral scratch with rhythmic alternation between agonist and antagonist motor output at each degree of freedom; antagonist activity occurs during agonist quiescence. We test predictions of interneuronal activity or quiescence during 3 motor-pattern variations of rostral scratch, termed deletions. During an antagonist deletion, there is no quiescence between successive agonist bursts and no antagonist motor activity. We study hip-related and knee-related deletions. We test predictions of interneuronal phase constancy or shifting when pocket scratch is compared with rostral scratch and predictions of interneuroral activation or quiescence during flexion reflex. Our experiments reveal critical characteristics of turtle CPGs. There is considerable similarity in the organization of spinal cord in all vertebrates, including humans. Our findings of CPG organization will be of interest to those developing new therapies for spinal-injured humans.

描述（由申请人提供）：脊髓中的神经元网络，称为中枢模式发生器（CPG），具有相当大的运动能力，并且可以在脊髓完全横断的脊椎动物中通过皮肤刺激激活。CPG在用神经肌肉阻滞固定的脊椎动物模型系统中产生协调的运动输出。固定的脊椎龟产生的运动模式的混合协同喙抓，常规协同口袋抓，和常规协同屈曲反射。在吻侧搔抓中，单关节膝伸肌在髋屈肌活动期间活跃;在袋状搔抓中，单关节膝伸肌在髋伸肌活动期间活跃;在屈曲反射中，膝屈肌在髋屈肌活动期间活跃。在这些运动模式中，我们记录了单个单位的下行固有脊髓中间神经元活动。我们测试的预测Grillner的单位突发发生器假设的CPG组织中，每个自由度的每个方向是由一个特定的模块，例如，髋屈肌，髋伸肌，膝屈肌，膝伸肌，等。我们研究interneurons，是候选成员的每个模块在正常的喙划痕与激动剂和拮抗剂运动输出之间的节奏交替在每个自由度;拮抗剂活动发生在激动剂静止。我们测试预测的interneuronal活动或静止在3个电机模式的变化，喙划痕，称为删除。在拮抗剂缺失期间，在连续激动剂爆发之间没有静止，并且没有拮抗剂运动活性。我们研究髋关节相关和膝关节相关的缺失。我们测试预测的神经元间的相位恒定性或转移时，口袋划痕比较与喙划痕和预测的神经元间的激活或静止在屈曲反射。我们的实验揭示了海龟CPGs的关键特征。包括人类在内的所有脊椎动物的脊髓组织都有相当大的相似性。我们对CPG组织的研究结果将对那些为脊髓损伤的人开发新疗法的人感兴趣。

项目成果

Motor pattern deletions and modular organization of turtle spinal cord.

乌龟脊髓的运动模式缺失和模块化组织。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.07.008
• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Brain research reviews
• 作者: Stein,PaulSG

Bilateral control of hindlimb scratching in the spinal turtle: contralateral spinal circuitry contributes to the normal ipsilateral motor pattern of fictive rostral scratching.

脊龟后肢抓挠的双边控制：对侧脊髓回路有助于虚构的头侧抓挠的正常同侧运动模式。

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.15-06-04343.1995
• 发表时间: 1995
• 期刊: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
• 作者: Stein,PS;Victor,JC;Field,EC;Currie,SN
• 通讯作者: Currie,SN

Activity of descending propriospinal axons in the turtle hindlimb enlargement during two forms of fictive scratching: phase analyses.

在两种形式的虚构抓挠过程中，乌龟后肢增大中下降的本体脊髓轴突的活动：相位分析。

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.14-08-05105.1994
• 发表时间: 1994
• 期刊: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
• 作者: Berkowitz,A;Stein,PS
• 通讯作者: Stein,PS

Modular organization of the multipartite central pattern generator for turtle rostral scratch: knee-related interneurons during deletions.

用于海龟喙划痕的多部分中央模式生成器的模块化组织：删除过程中与膝盖相关的中间神经元。

• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00871.2015
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Journal of neurophysiology
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Stein,PaulSG;Daniels-McQueen,Susan;Lai,Jessica;Liu,Z;Corman,TanyaS
• 通讯作者: Corman,TanyaS

Timing of knee-related spinal neurons during fictive rostral scratching in the turtle.

乌龟虚构的喙部抓挠过程中与膝盖相关的脊髓神经元的时间。

• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00762.2003
• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Journal of neurophysiology.
• 作者: Stein,PaulSG;Daniels-McQueen,Susan
• 通讯作者: Daniels-McQueen,Susan