Alcohol preload and automatic alcohol motivation: Examining the causes of dyscont

酒精预载和自动酒精动机：检查控制障碍的原因

• 批准号: 8088053
• 负责人: MICHAEL D ROBINSON
• 金额: $ 17.24万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-10 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8088053
• 关键词: Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Beer; Beverages; Cessation of life; Clinical; Conscious; Consumption; Dose; Early treatment; Elements; Failure; Health Care Costs; Heart Diseases; Heavy Drinking; Homelessness; Homicide; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Liver diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Motivation; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Placebos; Prize; Process; Productivity; Reaction Time; Recruitment Activity; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Self-control as a personality trait; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide; Taste Perception; Testing; Time; United States; Vehicle crash; absorption; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; cost; drinking; drinking behavior; high risk drinking; improved; motivational processes; novel strategies; psychologic; public health relevance; response; restraint; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The destructive impact of alcohol use has been well-documented. Alcohol is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. Despite the costs associated with heavy alcohol use, at-risk drinking behavior has increased over the past decade. Why do individuals engage in harmful alcohol consumption? Though some may deliberately and intentionally drink at levels that cause them harm, others do so because of impaired self-control. Dyscontrol - the difficulty in refraining from substance use despite conscious intentions to do so - is a defining element of substance use disorders. Given the personal and societal costs of dyscontrolled alcohol use, it is crucial to increase our understanding of the contexts in which dyscontrolled drinking is likely to take place and the psychological processes that support alcohol dyscontrol. In the proposed project, at-risk drinkers will be recruited to examine the effects of a priming dose of alcohol and automatic alcohol motivation on dyscontrolled drinking. Participants will begin the study by completing a baseline reaction time measure of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Participants will then receive either a priming dose of alcohol to reach a breath alcohol level of .05 or an equivalent amount of placebo beverage. After a short absorption period, automatic alcohol-approach associations will be assessed for a second time and then participants will complete a taste-test in which they drink and rate three beers on a number of adjectives for 20 minutes. We predict that the alcohol priming dose (compared to placebo) will lead to greater amount of beer consumed in the taste-test. We also predict that the influence of the alcohol priming dose on consumption in the taste-test will be mediated by the effects of the alcohol priming dose on increasing the strength of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Positive study results will provide important contributions to understanding the psychological processes that mediate compulsive, dyscontrolled alcohol consumption. Additionally, this knowledge will have clinical utility in the screening of at-risk drinkers for early intervention, in predicting relapse after an intervention, and in being used as a criterion for intervention development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcohol is involved in more than 100,000 deaths per year in the United States and cost the economy $167 billion in 1995 and is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie and support dyscontrolled alcohol use. This novel approach to dyscontrolled drinking may have clinical utility in predicting relapse after an intervention and in being used as a criterion for intervention development.

描述（由申请人提供）：饮酒的破坏性影响已得到充分记录。酒精涉及凶杀，自杀，汽车撞车，心脏和肝病，癌症，医疗保健成本增加，无家可归和工人生产率下降等问题。尽管与大量饮酒有关，但在过去的十年中，处高风险的饮酒行为有所增加。个人为什么从事有害饮酒？尽管有些人可能故意且故意以造成伤害的水平进行饮酒，但另一些人则因为自我控制受损而这样做。 DYSCONTROL - 尽管有意识地这样做的意图，但难以避免使用物质的困难 - 是药物使用障碍的定义元素。鉴于使用饮酒障碍的个人和社会成本，至关重要的是，我们对可能发生的饮酒的情况以及支持酒精功能障碍的心理过程的理解至关重要。在拟议的项目中，将招募处于危险的饮酒者，以检查酒精剂量和自动酒精动机对饮酒的剂量的影响。参与者将通过完成自动酒精接触关联的基线反应时间度量来开始研究。然后，参与者将接受一定剂量的酒精，以达到0.05的呼吸饮酒水平或同等数量的安慰剂饮料。在短暂的吸收期之后，将第二次评估自动酒精吸收协会，然后参与者完成味觉测试，在其中喝酒，并在多个形容词上对三种啤酒进行20分钟的评价。我们预测，酒精启动剂量（与安慰剂相比）将导致味觉测试中消耗更多的啤酒。我们还预测，酒精启动剂量对味觉测试中消费的影响将由酒精启动剂量的影响对增加自动酒精 - 征收关联的强度的影响。积极的研究结果将为理解介导强迫性，控制障碍饮酒的心理过程提供重要贡献。此外，这些知识将具有临床实用性，以筛查处于危险的饮酒者的早期干预，预测干预后的复发以及被用作干预开发的标准中。 公共卫生相关性：在美国，酒精每年涉及超过100,000人死亡，1995年经济损失了1670亿美元，并参与了凶杀案，自杀，汽车坠毁，心脏和肝病，癌症，癌症，卫生保健成本的增加，无家可归，无家可归和工人生产率降低的问题。这项研究的目的是提高我们对基于和支持饮酒功能障碍的心理过程的理解。这种新型的饮酒饮用饮用方法可能具有临床实用性，可以预测干预后的复发，并被用作干预开发的标准。