Alcohol preload and automatic alcohol motivation: Examining the causes of dyscont

酒精预载和自动酒精动机：检查控制障碍的原因

• 批准号: 8088053
• 负责人: MICHAEL D ROBINSON
• 金额: $ 17.24万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-10 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8088053
• 关键词: Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Beer; Beverages; Cessation of life; Clinical; Conscious; Consumption; Dose; Early treatment; Elements; Failure; Health Care Costs; Heart Diseases; Heavy Drinking; Homelessness; Homicide; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Liver diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Motivation; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Placebos; Prize; Process; Productivity; Reaction Time; Recruitment Activity; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Self-control as a personality trait; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide; Taste Perception; Testing; Time; United States; Vehicle crash; absorption; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; cost; drinking; drinking behavior; high risk drinking; improved; motivational processes; novel strategies; psychologic; public health relevance; response; restraint; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The destructive impact of alcohol use has been well-documented. Alcohol is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. Despite the costs associated with heavy alcohol use, at-risk drinking behavior has increased over the past decade. Why do individuals engage in harmful alcohol consumption? Though some may deliberately and intentionally drink at levels that cause them harm, others do so because of impaired self-control. Dyscontrol - the difficulty in refraining from substance use despite conscious intentions to do so - is a defining element of substance use disorders. Given the personal and societal costs of dyscontrolled alcohol use, it is crucial to increase our understanding of the contexts in which dyscontrolled drinking is likely to take place and the psychological processes that support alcohol dyscontrol. In the proposed project, at-risk drinkers will be recruited to examine the effects of a priming dose of alcohol and automatic alcohol motivation on dyscontrolled drinking. Participants will begin the study by completing a baseline reaction time measure of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Participants will then receive either a priming dose of alcohol to reach a breath alcohol level of .05 or an equivalent amount of placebo beverage. After a short absorption period, automatic alcohol-approach associations will be assessed for a second time and then participants will complete a taste-test in which they drink and rate three beers on a number of adjectives for 20 minutes. We predict that the alcohol priming dose (compared to placebo) will lead to greater amount of beer consumed in the taste-test. We also predict that the influence of the alcohol priming dose on consumption in the taste-test will be mediated by the effects of the alcohol priming dose on increasing the strength of automatic alcohol-approach associations. Positive study results will provide important contributions to understanding the psychological processes that mediate compulsive, dyscontrolled alcohol consumption. Additionally, this knowledge will have clinical utility in the screening of at-risk drinkers for early intervention, in predicting relapse after an intervention, and in being used as a criterion for intervention development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcohol is involved in more than 100,000 deaths per year in the United States and cost the economy $167 billion in 1995 and is involved in problems such as homicides, suicides, motor vehicle crashes, heart and liver disease, cancer, increased health care costs, homelessness and decreased worker productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie and support dyscontrolled alcohol use. This novel approach to dyscontrolled drinking may have clinical utility in predicting relapse after an intervention and in being used as a criterion for intervention development.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精使用的破坏性影响已被充分记录。酒精与杀人、自杀、车祸、心脏病和肝病、癌症、医疗保健费用增加、无家可归和工人生产力下降等问题有关。尽管大量饮酒会带来成本，但在过去十年中，高危饮酒行为有所增加。为什么人们会从事有害的酒精消费？虽然有些人可能会故意和故意喝到对他们造成伤害的水平，但其他人这样做是因为自我控制能力受损。控制不良-尽管有意识地想要这样做，但难以避免物质使用-是物质使用障碍的定义要素。鉴于酒精使用失控的个人和社会成本，增加我们对失控饮酒可能发生的背景以及支持酒精失控的心理过程的理解至关重要。在拟议的项目中，将招募有风险的饮酒者，以研究引发剂量的酒精和自动酒精动机对失控饮酒的影响。参与者将开始研究，完成自动酒精接近协会的基线反应时间测量。然后，参与者将接受启动剂量的酒精，以达到0.05的呼吸酒精水平或等量的安慰剂饮料。在短暂的吸收期后，第二次评估自动酒精接近协会，然后参与者将完成一项味觉测试，在该测试中，他们将在20分钟内喝三种啤酒，并对一些形容词进行评分。我们预测酒精引发剂量（与安慰剂相比）将导致在味觉测试中消耗更大量的啤酒。我们还预测，酒精引发剂量对消费的影响将介导的酒精引发剂量对增加自动酒精接近协会的强度的影响。积极的研究结果将为理解介导强迫性、失控性饮酒的心理过程做出重要贡献。此外，这方面的知识将具有临床实用性的筛选风险饮酒者的早期干预，在预测复发后的干预，并被用作标准的干预发展。 公共卫生关系：在美国，酒精每年造成10万多人死亡，1995年造成经济损失1670亿美元，并涉及杀人、自杀、机动车碰撞、心脏病和肝病、癌症、医疗保健费用增加、无家可归和工人生产力下降等问题。这项研究的目的是提高我们对心理过程的理解，这些心理过程是酒精使用失控的基础和支持。这种新的方法来控制饮酒可能有临床效用，在预测复发后的干预措施，并作为一个标准的干预发展。