ND COBRE: VIGILANCE AND AVOIDANCE IN AFFECTIVE VISUAL PROCESSING

ND COBRE：情感视觉处理中的警惕和回避

• 批准号: 6972192
• 负责人: MICHAEL D ROBINSON
• 金额: $ 17.86万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-20 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6972192
• 关键词: brain electrical activity; clinical research; coping; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; emotions; evoked potentials; eye movements; human subject; neural information processing; personality; vision

In the 1950s, "New Look" researchers proposed that personality and emotion determine early stages of visual processing. Key hypotheses were that: (a) personality would influence how quickly object recognition was achieved; and (b) people would "defend" against threats. Key to the personality hypotheses were vigilance, an emotional processing style that selects threatening information (for consciousness), and avoidance, an emotional processing style that rejects threatening information (from consciousness). Although initial results were promising, the research fell out of favor because of a nearly exclusive reliance on self-reports of visual identification. Because of this single criterion, researchers could not disentangle unconscious and conscious contributions to visual identification. Using a paradigm with successively less degraded pictures in combination with electrophysiological and behavioral methods, the authors of the current proposal will revisit the role that personality and affect play in earlier and later stages of visual processing. Unconscious object recognition will be operationalized in terms of a closure-related ERP component that peaks around 290 ms after object exposure and seems to reflect identification by the lateral-occipital (LO) complex. Conscious object recognition will be operationalized in terms of the P300 ERP component as well as self-reports of object recognition. Vigilance will be defined in terms of the quality of threat (vs. non-threat) picture necessary to support the closure-related ERP component. Avoidance will be defined in terms of the discrepancy (in picture quality) between the closure-related ERP component and the indices tapping more conscious object recognition processes. Normatively, the project will investigate the hypothesis that the visual processing of threatening images is characterized both by more vigilance and by more avoidance, a combination of tendencies that would support the perceptual defense hypothesis. Also central to the studies are individual differences in vigilance and avoidance and their correlates related to personality, coping, and well-being.

在20世纪50年代，“新面貌”研究人员提出，个性和情绪决定了视觉处理的早期阶段。主要假设是：（a）个性会影响物体识别的速度;（B）人们会“防御”威胁。人格假设的关键是警惕，一种选择威胁信息（意识）的情绪处理方式，以及回避，一种拒绝威胁信息（意识）的情绪处理方式。尽管最初的结果很有希望，但由于几乎完全依赖于视觉识别的自我报告，这项研究失宠了。由于这一单一标准，研究人员无法理清 无意识和有意识的视觉识别的贡献。使用具有连续较少退化的图片的范例结合电生理和 行为的方法，当前提案的作者将重新审视人格和情感在视觉处理的早期和后期阶段所扮演的角色。无意识的对象识别将可操作的关闭相关的ERP组件，峰值约290毫秒后，对象曝光，似乎反映了识别的侧枕（LO）复杂。有意识的物体识别将在P300 ERP组件以及物体识别的自我报告方面实现。警戒将根据支持关闭相关ERP组件所需的威胁（与非威胁）图片的质量来定义。将根据闭合相关图像之间的差异（图像质量）定义避免 ERP组件和指标挖掘更多的有意识的物体识别过程。 从规范上讲，该项目将调查的假设，即视觉处理的威胁图像的特点是更多的警惕和更多的避免，倾向的组合，将支持知觉防御假说。这些研究的核心还包括警惕性和回避性的个体差异及其与个性、应对方式和幸福感的相关性。