ND COBRE: VIGILANCE AND AVOIDANCE IN AFFECTIVE VISUAL PROCESSING

ND COBRE：情感视觉处理中的警惕和回避

• 批准号: 6972192
• 负责人: MICHAEL D ROBINSON
• 金额: $ 17.86万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-20 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6972192
• 关键词: brain electrical activity; clinical research; coping; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; emotions; evoked potentials; eye movements; human subject; neural information processing; personality; vision

In the 1950s, "New Look" researchers proposed that personality and emotion determine early stages of visual processing. Key hypotheses were that: (a) personality would influence how quickly object recognition was achieved; and (b) people would "defend" against threats. Key to the personality hypotheses were vigilance, an emotional processing style that selects threatening information (for consciousness), and avoidance, an emotional processing style that rejects threatening information (from consciousness). Although initial results were promising, the research fell out of favor because of a nearly exclusive reliance on self-reports of visual identification. Because of this single criterion, researchers could not disentangle unconscious and conscious contributions to visual identification. Using a paradigm with successively less degraded pictures in combination with electrophysiological and behavioral methods, the authors of the current proposal will revisit the role that personality and affect play in earlier and later stages of visual processing. Unconscious object recognition will be operationalized in terms of a closure-related ERP component that peaks around 290 ms after object exposure and seems to reflect identification by the lateral-occipital (LO) complex. Conscious object recognition will be operationalized in terms of the P300 ERP component as well as self-reports of object recognition. Vigilance will be defined in terms of the quality of threat (vs. non-threat) picture necessary to support the closure-related ERP component. Avoidance will be defined in terms of the discrepancy (in picture quality) between the closure-related ERP component and the indices tapping more conscious object recognition processes. Normatively, the project will investigate the hypothesis that the visual processing of threatening images is characterized both by more vigilance and by more avoidance, a combination of tendencies that would support the perceptual defense hypothesis. Also central to the studies are individual differences in vigilance and avoidance and their correlates related to personality, coping, and well-being.

在1950年代，“新外观”研究人员提出，个性和情感决定了视觉处理的早期阶段。主要假设是：（a）个性会影响对象识别的速度； （b）人们会“捍卫”威胁。人格假设的关键是警惕，一种情感处理风格，选择威胁性信息（意识）和避免，一种情感处理风格，一种拒绝威胁性信息（来自意识）的情感处理方式。尽管最初的结果是有希望的，但由于对视觉识别的自我报告几乎独有的依赖，这项研究就不受欢迎。由于这个单一标准，研究人员无法解开 对视觉识别的无意识和有意识的贡献。使用与电生理和电生理和 行为方法，当前提案的作者将重新审查人格和影响在视觉处理的早期和更晚阶段的作用。无意识的对象识别将以与闭合相关的ERP组件进行操作，该组件在物体暴露后约290毫秒峰值，并且似乎反映了侧面 - 枕（LO）复合物的识别。有意识的对象识别将根据p300 ERP组件以及对象识别的自我报告进行操作。警惕将根据支持封闭相关的ERP组件所需的威胁质量（与非威胁）图片来定义。避免将根据与封闭相关的差异（在图片质量上）定义 ERP组件和索引挖掘更多有意识的对象识别过程。 规范上，该项目将调查以下假设：威胁图像的视觉处理既以更加警惕性，又通过更多的回避来表征，即支持感知性防御假设的趋势的结合。研究的核心是，警惕性和避免的个体差异及其与个性，应对和福祉相关的相关性。