Proposal to develop an inexpensive commercial process for the immobilization of l

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是通过开发一种廉价的、商业上可行的产品来降低儿童铅中毒的风险，这种产品可以永久降低土壤中的可溶性（生物可利用）铅水平。在土壤受铅污染的地区，幼儿的血铅水平往往超过疾病预防控制中心的临床行动水平。儿童血铅水平升高与以后生活中的有害影响有关，包括智商下降、被捕率增加和行为障碍。磷是一种公认的固定土壤中可溶性铅的技术。然而，磷的使用会造成磷酸盐浸出和径流污染。建议添加石膏以减轻磷酸盐的影响。研究将包括石膏和磷酸盐化合物与水和铅污染的土壤混合的实验规模测试。将评价几种应用和混合方法。将测试所得混合物的总铅和可溶性铅（Pb）以及总磷和可浸出磷(P)的百分比。临床有效性的标准将来自环保局的模型，该模型基于土壤中可溶性铅的水平来预测儿童的血铅水平。其他评估因素将包括完成修复的时间、修复成本、产品安全问题和美学问题（例如气味）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The object of this project is to reduce the risk of lead poisoning in children by developing an inexpensive, commercially viable product which permanently reduces soluble (bioavailable) lead levels in soils. Young children in areas with lead-contaminated soil often have blood lead levels exceeding the CDC clinical action level. Elevated blood lead levels in children have been correlated with deleterious impacts later in life, including decreased IQ, increased arrest rates and conduct disorder. Phosphorus is an accepted technique for the immobilization of soluble lead in soil. However, the use of phosphorus can create phosphate leaching and run-off pollution. The addition of gypsum is proposed to mitigate phosphate impacts. Research will consist of bench-scale testing of gypsum and phosphate compounds mixed with water and lead-contaminated soil. Several application and mixing methods will be evaluated. The resulting mixtures will be tested for percentages of total and soluble lead (Pb) and total and leachable phosphorus (P). The standard for clinical effectiveness will be derived from the EPA model predicting a child's blood lead level based on soluble lead levels in soil. Additional evaluation factors will include the time to complete remediation, remediation cost, product safety issues, and aesthetic concerns (e.g. odor). A consumer interest survey will be conducted for potential users, including homeowners, businesses and local government. The survey will measure lead awareness, interest in lead remediation, price points and perceived barriers to use. The primary outcome of the project will be the selection of the best combination of an effective in situ treatment product with potential buyers' interest in using the product.