Proposal to develop an inexpensive commercial process for the immobilization of l

描述(申请人提供)：该项目的目标是通过开发一种廉价的、商业上可行的产品来永久降低土壤中可溶(生物可利用的)铅的水平，从而降低儿童铅中毒的风险。土壤铅污染地区的幼儿血铅水平经常超过疾控中心的临床作用水平。儿童血铅水平的升高与晚年的有害影响相关，包括智商下降、逮捕率增加和品行障碍。磷是一种公认的固定土壤中可溶性铅的技术。然而，磷的使用会造成磷的淋溶和径流污染。建议添加石膏以减轻磷酸盐的影响。研究将包括对石膏和磷酸盐化合物与水和铅污染土壤的混合进行小规模测试。将对几种应用和混合方法进行评估。将对产生的混合物进行总铅和可溶铅(铅)以及总磷和可浸出磷(P)的百分比测试。临床有效性的标准将从EPA模型得出，该模型基于土壤中可溶铅的水平预测儿童的血铅水平。其他评估因素将包括完成补救的时间、补救成本、产品安全问题和美观问题(例如气味)。 将对潜在用户进行消费者兴趣调查，包括房主、企业和地方政府。调查将衡量铅的认知度、对铅补救的兴趣、价格点和感知的使用障碍。该项目的主要成果将是选择有效的原位治疗产品与潜在买家使用该产品的兴趣的最佳组合。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The object of this project is to reduce the risk of lead poisoning in children by developing an inexpensive, commercially viable product which permanently reduces soluble (bioavailable) lead levels in soils. Young children in areas with lead-contaminated soil often have blood lead levels exceeding the CDC clinical action level. Elevated blood lead levels in children have been correlated with deleterious impacts later in life, including decreased IQ, increased arrest rates and conduct disorder. Phosphorus is an accepted technique for the immobilization of soluble lead in soil. However, the use of phosphorus can create phosphate leaching and run-off pollution. The addition of gypsum is proposed to mitigate phosphate impacts. Research will consist of bench-scale testing of gypsum and phosphate compounds mixed with water and lead-contaminated soil. Several application and mixing methods will be evaluated. The resulting mixtures will be tested for percentages of total and soluble lead (Pb) and total and leachable phosphorus (P). The standard for clinical effectiveness will be derived from the EPA model predicting a child's blood lead level based on soluble lead levels in soil. Additional evaluation factors will include the time to complete remediation, remediation cost, product safety issues, and aesthetic concerns (e.g. odor). A consumer interest survey will be conducted for potential users, including homeowners, businesses and local government. The survey will measure lead awareness, interest in lead remediation, price points and perceived barriers to use. The primary outcome of the project will be the selection of the best combination of an effective in situ treatment product with potential buyers' interest in using the product.