Neural mechanisms for sensory prediction in a cerebellum-like structure

小脑样结构中感觉预测的神经机制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8203514
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 4.18万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2011-08-01 至 2014-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prediction allows knowledge and experience to guide action and is critical for a range of sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Failure to generate accurate predictions could contribute to neurological disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. This proposal takes advantage of a simple model system in which it is possible to dissect the cellular and circuit mechanisms for generating predictions and to understand their functional roles. Weakly electric fish possess a specialized organ in their tail that generates an electrical field and specialized electroreceptors that are sensitive to small changes in the strength of the field. Detecting changes in the field induced by nearby objects allows the fish to navigate and find prey in darkness. However, because the electric organ is in the tail and electroreceptors are located on the head and trunk, the fish's own movements also alter patterns of electrical inputs. Hence, the challenge for the electrosensory system is to distinguish between behaviorally relevant patterns of input due to external events from patterns that are self- generated. Though particularly clear and accessible to study in electrosensory systems, this same problem faces sensory systems in any animal that moves. For over a century scientists and philosophers have puzzled over how we perceive a stable visual world despite the fact that visual input changes dramatically several times per second due to rapid movements of the eyes. One possible answer is that the brain generates predictions about changes in visual input that will result from our own movements and filters out these predictions from the actual sensory input. Previous studies have shown that just such a process occurs in a region of the brain of electric fish that closely resembles the cerebellum. Such predictions are formed via changes in the strength of connections between neurons, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Virtually identical synaptic plasticity mechanisms exist in the mammalian cerebral cortex and cerebellum and likely underlie learning and memory. This proposal uses neural recordings and computational modeling to provide insith into two general issues. The first will test the hypothesis that cerebellar granule cells (the most numerous neurons in the vertebrate brain) provide critical 'raw material' needed for forming associations (via synaptic plasticity) between aspects of the fish's movements and the resulting predictable patterns of incoming electrosensory input. Second, the proposed studies will establish roles for sensory and motor signals in the generation of predictions in the context of sensory filtering. Detailed links between synaptic plasticity, neural circuitry, and sensory function and will provide key insights into both cerebellar function and the neural mechanisms for predicting sensory events. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The ability to anticipate or predict sensory events is critical for accurate perceptions, coordinated movements, and normal cognitive function. Though impaired predictive capacities have been implicated in nervous system disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, very little is known about their basic neural mechanisms. This proposal takes advantage of a unique model system to gain direct insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms for predicting sensory events, and hence represents a critical step towards understanding how disruption of these complex processes contributes to disease.
描述(由申请人提供): 预测允许知识和经验来指导行动,对一系列感觉,运动和认知功能至关重要。如果不能做出准确的预测,可能会导致自闭症和精神分裂症等神经系统疾病。这个提议利用了一个简单的模型系统,在这个系统中,可以剖析产生预测的细胞和电路机制,并了解它们的功能作用。弱电流鱼的尾巴上有一个专门的器官,可以产生电场和专门的电感受器,它们对电场强度的微小变化很敏感。探测附近物体引起的磁场变化,使鱼能够在黑暗中导航和寻找猎物。然而,由于电器官在尾部,而电感受器位于头部和躯干,鱼自身的运动也会改变电输入的模式。因此,对电感觉系统的挑战是区分由于外部事件引起的行为相关的输入模式与自我生成的模式。 虽然在电感觉系统中研究起来特别清楚和容易,但在任何移动的动物中,感觉系统都面临着同样的问题。世纪以来,科学家和哲学家一直困惑于我们如何感知一个稳定的视觉世界,尽管由于眼睛的快速运动,视觉输入每秒会发生几次剧烈变化。一个可能的答案是,大脑会对我们自己的运动所导致的视觉输入的变化产生预测,并从实际的感官输入中过滤掉这些预测。先前的研究表明,这种过程发生在电鱼大脑中与小脑非常相似的区域。这种预测是通过神经元之间连接强度的变化形成的,这一过程被称为突触可塑性。几乎相同的突触可塑性机制存在于哺乳动物的大脑皮层和小脑中,并且可能是学习和记忆的基础。 这个建议使用神经记录和计算建模来提供两个一般问题的解释。第一个将测试的假设,小脑颗粒细胞(最多的神经元在脊椎动物的大脑)提供关键的“原材料”需要形成协会(通过突触可塑性)之间的方面,鱼的运动和由此产生的可预测的模式传入的电感输入。第二,拟议的研究将建立感官和运动信号在感官过滤的背景下产生预测的作用。突触可塑性、神经回路和感觉功能之间的详细联系,将为小脑功能和预测感觉事件的神经机制提供关键见解。 公共卫生相关性: 预期或预测感觉事件的能力对于准确的感知、协调的运动和正常的认知功能至关重要。虽然受损的预测能力与自闭症和精神分裂症等神经系统疾病有关,但对其基本神经机制知之甚少。该提案利用独特的模型系统来直接洞察预测感觉事件的细胞和电路机制,因此代表了理解这些复杂过程的中断如何导致疾病的关键一步。

项目成果

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Tim Requarth其他文献

Tim Requarth的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Tim Requarth', 18)}}的其他基金

Neural mechanisms for sensory prediction in a cerebellum-like structure
小脑样结构中感觉预测的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    8513431
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.18万
  • 项目类别:
Neural mechanisms for sensory prediction in a cerebellum-like structure
小脑样结构中感觉预测的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    8490506
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.18万
  • 项目类别:

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