Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death - Competitive Revision

描述(由申请人提供)：此次修订的主要目标是创建一个公共使用数据集，使研究人员能够克服理解非裔美国人健康的长期趋势的关键障碍--缺乏数据。申请的资金中有85%以上用于建立一个纵向数据集，其中包括21,000名曾在联邦军服役的非洲裔美国人新兵。这些数据为1910年前后达到65岁的非洲裔美国人提供了异常丰富的健康和社会经济信息来源。加上该项目已经创建的6000名男性的现有样本，非洲裔美国新兵的总样本将为2.7万人。这一修订的总体分析目标是：1)确定这群非洲裔美国人在一些健康指标上的表现，包括老年时的共病；2)将这群非裔美国人的健康状况与相同的美国白人队列的健康状况进行比较，以了解20世纪初健康差距的程度，并确定健康侮辱是否会留下永久的伤疤，或者导致人们在晚年选择最坚强的人；3)调查接触传染病的差异、营养状况的差异和社会经济差异是如何导致观察到的老年健康差异的；4)调查年轻、中年和老年时健康侮辱的相对重要性，以及这些健康侮辱对这群非裔美国人的健康和死亡率的交互影响；5)调查在社会保障制度可用之前，非劳动所得的政府收入转移如何影响非常贫穷的人口(研究的非裔美国人队列是真实的)如何应对老龄化。这次修订将有助于实现父母补助金的主要目的，即更准确地了解21世纪前三分之一人口的老龄化轨迹，这些人口比他们的前辈更长寿、更富裕、更城市化。它将通过在母公司拨款的基础上将代表不足的群体纳入联邦军队样本来实现这一目标。 公共卫生相关性：这一修订将提供证据，说明在一个生态、经济和社会条件多样化和迅速变化的时代，非裔美国人的死亡率和健康轨迹是如何随着时间的推移而演变的。这一修订可以为美国和发展中国家的预期寿命以及老年人的健康和残疾的未来趋势提供洞察。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of this revision is to create a public use data set that will enable researchers to overcome the critical barrier to understanding long-run trends in the health of African Americans - lack of data. Over 85 percent of the requested funding is for the creation of a longitudinal data set of 21,000 African American recruits who served in the Union Army. These data provide an unusually rich source of health and socioeconomic information on the cohort of African Americans who reached age 65 circa 1910. Together with an extant sample of 6,000 men already created by this program project, the total sample of African American recruits will be 27,000. The overall analytical aims of this revision are: 1) Establish how this cohort of African Americans fared on a number of health measures, including co-morbidities, at older ages; 2) Compare the health of this cohort of African Americans with the same cohort of white Americans to understand the extent of health disparities at the beginning of the twentieth century and to determine whether health insults left a permanent scar or led to the selection of the hardiest Individuals at late ages; 3) Investigate how differences in exposure to infectious disease, differences in nutritional status, and socioeconomic differentials contributed to any observed health disparities at older ages; 4) Investigate the relative importance of health insults at a young age, middle age, and at old ages, and the interactive effects of these health insults, to the health and mortality of this cohort of African Americans; 5) Investigate how an unearned government income transfer affected how a very poor population (as was true of the African American cohort studied) coped with aging prior to the availability of a social security system. This revision will help fulfill the overarching purpose of the parent grant, which is to gain a more precise understanding of the trajectory of aging for the populations of the first third of twenty-first century that are longer-lived, more affluent, and more urban than their predecessors. It will accomplish this goal by building on the parent grant's incorporation of under-represented groups in the Union Army sample. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This revision will provide evidence on how the shapes of mortality and health trajectories of African Americans evolved over time, during an era that was marked by diverse and rapidly changing ecological, economic, and social conditions. This revision can provide insights into future trends in life expectancy and in the health and disability of the elderly both in the US and in developing countries.