Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death

后期工作水平、疾病和死亡的早期指标

• 批准号: 7775080
• 负责人: ROBERT W FOGEL
• 金额: $ 186.19万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-30 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7775080
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; Aging-Related Process; Baby Booms; Back; Cessation of life; Cities; Collection; Data; Data Set; Death Rate; Disease; Economics; Environment; Exposure to; Foundations; Generations; Health; Health Status; Lead; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Longevity; Morbidity - disease rate; Parents; Population; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Soldier; Stress; Time; Ursidae Family; Veterans; War; Work; World War I; base; cohort; cost; data management; experience; grandparent; mortality; programs; rural area; social; socioeconomics; ward; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The foundation of this revised competitive resubmission of the Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death (El) program project is the discovery in 2004 that disparities in health and mortality across the wards of the major US cities in 1900 were not only far greater (on the order of 10-to-1) than recognized, but that 84% of the disparities between the worst and best wards had diminished by 1950. When the analysis was pushed back into the 19th century, it was discovered that young adult death rates in the 17 largest cities of 1860, when analyzed longitudinally, were far higher than previously revealed by period life tables. Union Army (UA) recruits from these cities who survived the Civil War had die off rates so high that their experience is characterized by life tables with eo of about 28.6 years, which is about 17.7 years less than life expectancy in rural areas. The explanation of the disparity within and across cities, as well as across rural areas, and the social, economic, and biodemographic factors that lead to the amelioration of these disparities between 1830 and 1950 requires the creation of a data set with ecological variables capable of explaining the process. The collection and management of these data account for three-fourths of the cost of this program project. Four analytical projects initiate the analysis of the new data: Project 1 will analyze how the socioeconomic and health status of UA soldiers and veterans interacted with each other over the life course, stressing interactions across different sub-populations and times. Project 2 focuses on those veterans who lived to be age 95 or older (the last 2% of the cohort) comparing their aging processes with those born just before World War I and investigating whether the effects of earlier life environmental stress persist even to very old ages. Project 3 analyses the impact of exposure to severe within urban environments over different spans of the life course on the process of aging. Project 4 deals with the differences across urban and rural areas in the process of aging.

说明（由申请人提供）：修订后的竞争性重新提交后期工作水平、疾病和死亡早期指标 (El) 计划项目的基础是 2004 年的发现，即 1900 年美国主要城市各病区的健康和死亡率差异不仅远大于（大约 10 比 1）比认识到的要大得多（约为 10 比 1），而且最差和最好病区之间 84% 的差异已缩小1950.当分析被推回到 19世纪，人们发现，1860年17个最大城市的年轻人死亡率，经过纵向分析后，远远高于之前的时期生命表显示的水平。来自这些城市的在内战中幸存下来的联邦军 (UA) 新兵的死亡率如此之高，以至于他们的经验特征是生命表中的 eo 约为 28.6 岁，比农村地区的预期寿命短约 17.7 岁。要解释 1830 年至 1950 年间城市内部和城市之间以及农村地区之间的差异，以及导致这些差异改善的社会、经济和生物人口因素，需要创建一个包含能够解释这一过程的生态变量的数据集。这些数据的收集和管理占该计划项目成本的四分之三。四个分析项目启动了对新数据的分析：项目 1 将分析 UA 士兵和退伍军人的社会经济和健康状况如何在生命历程中相互影响，强调不同亚人群和时间之间的相互作用。项目 2 重点关注那些活到 95 岁或以上的退伍军人（该群体的最后 2%），将他们的衰老过程与第一次世界大战前出生的退伍军人进行比较，并调查早年环境压力的影响是否会持续到很高龄。项目 3 分析了在生命历程的不同阶段暴露于城市环境中的恶劣环境对衰老过程的影响。项目4探讨老龄化过程中城乡差异。