Processing Visual and Multisensory Information

处理视觉和多感官信息

• 批准号: 8534906
• 负责人: BARRY E STEIN
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8534906
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; American; Animals; Anterior; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Biological; Brain; Cataract; Cochlear Implants; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Contralateral; Cues; Darkness; Disease; Dyslexia; Environment; Etiology; Event; Excision; Exposure to; Family; Feedback; Functional disorder; Grant; Hemianopsia; Housing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Ischemic Brain Injury; Life; Maintenance; Mediating; Midbrain structure; Modality; Modification; Motor; Nature; Neurons; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Play; Preparation; Probability; Process; Psychophysiology; Rehabilitation therapy; Retinal; Rewards; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Trauma; Variant; Visual; autism spectrum disorder; base; cognitive control; design; developmental disease; environmental change; experience; innovation; mature animal; multisensory; neglect; neural circuit; novel; postnatal; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; statistics; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tumor; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The brain uses experience with environmental events to construct a framework for integrating the information received from its different senses. The end result is enhanced sensitivity to those cross-modal stimulus configurations that are likely to be derived from the same event. This capacity for 'multisensory integration' optimizes the brain's sensitivity to events of biological significance, and its behavioral responses to those events. It is of obvious survival value. The neural and behavioral manifestations of this process have been studied most extensively in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), a structure involved in detecting and orienting to external stimuli. However, it is not yet known whether or not once formed during early life, the fundamental spatial and temporal principles that govern multisensory integration are 'fixed' thereafter, or can continue to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Nor is it known whether higher-order cognitive processes can co-opt these midbrain processes so that arbitrary covariant cross-modal features can be accommodated. Based on preliminary observations, we propose that the adult brain retains its sensitivity to the statistics of cross-modal events and is subject to cognitive oversight. Thus, any changes in those cross-modal statistics, or their significance, result in changes in the governing principles of multisensory integration. The present proposal uses multiple approaches and preparations to test these hypotheses. Adult animals will be exposed to systematic alterations in cross-modal statistics and/or their 'significance' via their association with reward. Then, the resultant short-term and long-term neural and behavioral effects of these experiences will be examined. The experiments are also designed to examine where in the neural circuit underlying SC multisensory integration, these experiences are encoded.

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑使用环境事件的经验来构建一个框架，用于整合从不同感官接收到的信息。最终结果是增强了对那些可能来自同一事件的跨模态刺激配置的敏感性。这种“多感觉整合”的能力优化了大脑对具有生物学意义的事件的敏感性，以及对这些事件的行为反应。它具有明显的生存价值。这一过程的神经和行为表现在中脑上丘（SC）中得到了最广泛的研究，中脑上丘是一个参与检测和定向外部刺激的结构。然而，目前尚不清楚，一旦在生命早期形成，控制多感觉整合的基本空间和时间原则是否在此后“固定”，或者可以继续适应不断变化的环境条件。也不知道是否高阶认知过程可以协同这些中脑过程，以适应任意协变跨模态特征。基于初步的观察，我们认为成人大脑保留了对跨模态事件统计的敏感性，并受到认知监督。因此，这些跨模态统计数据的任何变化，或者它们的重要性，都会导致多感觉统合的支配原则发生变化。本建议使用多种方法和准备来检验这些假设。成年动物将接触到跨模式统计数据的系统性变化和/或其与奖励的关联的“重要性”。然后，这些经历所产生的短期和长期的神经和行为影响将被检查。这些实验还旨在检查在SC多感觉整合的神经回路中，这些体验是被编码的。