The role of kin-recognition in social evolution

亲属识别在社会进化中的作用

• 批准号: 8290892
• 负责人: GAD SHAULSKY
• 金额: $ 21.91万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8290892
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alleles; Amoeba genus; Antibiotic Therapy; Bacteria; Behavior; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell-Cell Adhesion; Cells; Chimera organism; Complex; Complication; Cues; Defense Mechanisms; Development; Dictyostelium; Dictyostelium discoideum; Evolution; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Haploidy; Immune system; Intervention; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Microbe; Modeling; Molecular; Mutation; Natural Selections; Organism; Pathogenesis; Population; Production; Public Health; Reproduction spores; Role; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Yeasts; cell type; cost; duplicate genes; killings; loss of function; microbial; mutant; pathogen; pressure; research study; resistance mechanism; social; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The evolution of sociality is difficult to explain because social systems involve cooperative selfless behaviors, which are seemingly inconsistent with natural selection, but kin selection theory explains that natural selection would favor cooperation when relatedness exceeds the cost to benefit ratio. Some of the outstanding questions in the field are how organisms recognize each other as kin, how does kin-recognition evolve, and whether kin-recognition is indeed a mechanism that facilitates the evolution of sociality. Answering these questions in a genetically tractable system is a considerable challenge in the field. We have discovered a kin-recognition mechanism, which is mediated by a pair of polymorphic cell-cell adhesion proteins in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We have also discovered dozens of mutants that cheat through various molecular mechanisms. Here we propose to study the role of kin-recognition in protection against cheating and the mechanisms that allow kin-recognition itself to evolve. We will first test the hypothesis that kin-recognition can protect sociality against various cheaters (Aim 1). We will then test whether allele duplication and diversification could be part of a mechanism that allows kin-recognition to evolve (Aim 2) and whether it may explain how rare social cues evolve and become established (Aim 3). It is becoming increasingly evident that pathogenesis of microbes, such as bacteria, yeast and amoebae, is affected by microbial social behavior. Moreover, natural mechanisms of resistance to microbes, such as the immune system, and medical interventions, such as antibiotic treatment, have profound effects on the evolution of sociality in microbial pathogens. Studying the evolution of microbial sociality is therefore central to understanding and treating microbial pathogenesis. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: It is becoming increasingly evident that pathogenesis of microbes, such as bacteria, yeast and amoebae, is affected by microbial social behavior. Moreover, natural mechanisms of resistance to microbes, such as the immune system, and medical interventions, such as antibiotic treatment, have profound effects on the evolution of sociality in microbial pathogens. Studying the evolution of microbial sociality is therefore centra to understanding and treating microbial pathogenesis, hence its importance to public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：社会性的进化很难解释，因为社会系统涉及合作无私的行为，这似乎与自然选择不一致，但亲属选择理论解释说，自然选择将 当相关性超过成本收益比时，倾向于合作。该领域的一些突出问题是生物体如何将彼此识别为亲属，亲属识别如何进化，以及亲属识别是否确实是促进社会性进化的机制。在一个遗传学上易于处理的系统中解决这些问题是该领域的一个相当大的挑战。我们发现了一个亲属识别机制，这是介导的一对多态性的细胞-细胞粘附蛋白在社会阿米巴Dictyosteelium discoideum。我们还发现了几十种通过各种分子机制作弊的突变体。在这里，我们建议研究的作用，亲属识别在防止作弊和机制，让亲属识别本身的发展。我们将首先测试亲属识别可以保护社会性免受各种欺骗者的假设（目标1）。然后，我们将测试等位基因重复和多样化是否可能是允许亲属识别进化的机制的一部分（目标2），以及它是否可以解释罕见的社会线索如何进化和建立（目标3）。 越来越明显的是，细菌、酵母和阿米巴等微生物的发病机制受到微生物社会行为的影响。此外，对微生物的天然抗性机制，如免疫系统，以及医疗干预，如抗生素治疗，对微生物病原体的社会性进化有着深远的影响。因此，研究微生物社会性的进化是理解和治疗微生物发病机制的核心。 公共卫生相关性：越来越明显的是，微生物的致病机制，如细菌，酵母和阿米巴原虫，微生物的社会行为的影响。此外，对微生物的天然抗性机制，如免疫系统，以及医疗干预，如抗生素治疗，对微生物病原体的社会性进化有着深远的影响。因此，研究微生物社会性的进化是理解和治疗微生物发病机制的核心，因此对公共卫生具有重要意义。