Adolescent HIV Risk: Links with Unsupportive Parenting and Maladaptive Coping

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年和年轻成年人占更多的新的艾滋病毒感染比任何其他年龄组的个人（CDC，2008年;联合国儿童基金会，联合国艾滋病规划署和世界卫生组织，2002年）。青少年中高风险行为率可能是该年龄组艾滋病毒高发病率的一个解释。特别是，不安全的性行为和物质使用是青少年经常参与的两类行为，这些行为使他们感染艾滋病毒的风险增加（CDC，2010年; Kotchick，Shaffer，米勒和Forehand，2001年; Stein等人，2000; Tapert，Aarons，Sedlar，& Brown，2001; Temple & Leigh，1992）.提高对青少年参与这些危险行为的前兆和机制的认识，对于降低年轻人的感染率至关重要，因此具有重要的公共卫生意义。 汇聚的证据表明，家庭变量和个人科普痛苦和调节情绪的方式是青少年艾滋病毒风险行为的重要预测因素（布鲁克斯，哈里斯，萨尔和伍兹，2002年;库珀，罗素，斯金纳，弗隆和穆达尔，1992年;迪克莱门特等人，2001a，2001b; Fromme & Rivet，1994; Jaccard，Dittus，& Gordon，1996; Perrino，Gonz <$lez-Soldevilla，Pantin，& Szapocznik，2000）.本研究的目的是进一步探讨父母教养变量与青少年艾滋病风险行为之间的联系，并探讨青少年应对痛苦的策略作为这种联系的机制。具体而言，拟议中的研究将探讨父母对青少年的负面情绪，青少年压抑的痛苦思想和情绪作为应对的手段，和青少年艾滋病毒的风险行为之间的关系-同时和随着时间的推移-使用多方法的研究设计，将包括自我报告，心理生理学，和实验室任务数据。[这些数据来自青少年（1）探讨父母对青少年负面情绪的反应与青少年HIV危险行为之间的关联，并检验青少年倾向于将压抑痛苦的想法和情绪作为应对策略是否介导了这种关联;（2）研究压抑痛苦的思想和情绪与青少年艾滋病毒风险行为之间的并行联系，并测试生理唤醒是否介导了这种联系;（3）探讨父母对青少年负面情绪的反应与青少年HIV危险行为之间的纵向联系，并测试青少年是否倾向于将压抑痛苦的想法和情绪作为应对策略来介导这种联系。从拟议的研究结果将讨论其适用性艾滋病毒预防计划及其对公共卫生的影响。 公共卫生相关性：尽管近年来在艾滋病毒预防工作方面取得了重大进展，但艾滋病毒/艾滋病仍然是一种全球流行病，也是一个重大的公共卫生问题（联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署，2010年）。青少年和年轻成年人比任何其他年龄组的人都更多地感染艾滋病毒-美国34%的新艾滋病毒病例和全球50%以上的新病例（CDC，2008; UNICEF，UNAIDS，& WHO，2002）。拟议的项目旨在通过促进对青少年参与行为的前体和机制的理解，为艾滋病毒预防工作提供信息，这些行为使他们直接（例如，不安全的性行为）和间接（例如，物质使用）艾滋病毒风险 感染，因此具有重要的公共卫生影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescents and young adults account for more new HIV infections than individuals in any other age group (CDC, 2008; UNICEF, UNAIDS, & WHO, 2002). High rates of risk-taking behavior among adolescents may be one explanation for the high incidence of HIV in this age group. In particular, unsafe sexual practices and substance use are two classes of behaviors in which adolescents frequently engage, and these behaviors place them at increased risk for HIV infection (CDC, 2010; Kotchick, Shaffer, Miller, & Forehand, 2001; Stein et al., 2000; Tapert, Aarons, Sedlar, & Brown, 2001; Temple & Leigh, 1992). Advancing understanding of the precursors and mechanisms related to adolescent engagement in these risky behaviors is crucial to reducing rates of infection among young people and, thus, has important public health implications. Converging evidence indicates that family variables and the manner in which individuals cope with distress and regulate emotions are important predictors of adolescent HIV risk behaviors (Brooks, Harris, Thrall, & Woods, 2002; Cooper, Russell, Skinner, Frone, & Mudar, 1992; DiClemente et al., 2001a, 2001b; Fromme & Rivet, 1994; Jaccard, Dittus, & Gordon, 1996; Perrino, Gonz¿lez-Soldevilla, Pantin, & Szapocznik, 2000). The goal of the proposed study is to further examine the link between parenting variables and adolescent HIV risk behaviors and to explore adolescents' strategies for coping with distress as a mechanism underlying this link. Specifically, the proposed study will examine the relations among parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions, adolescent suppression of distressing thoughts and emotions as a means of coping, and adolescent HIV risk behaviors-both concurrently and over time-using a multi-method study design that will include self-report, psychophysiological, and laboratory task data. [These data from adolescents (15-19 years old) and their parent(s) will be used to address three study aims: (1) To examine the concurrent link between parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions and adolescent HIV risk behaviors, and test whether adolescents' tendency to use suppression of distressing thoughts and emotions as a coping strategy mediates this link; (2) to examine the concurrent link between the suppression of distressing thoughts and emotions and adolescent HIV risk behavior, and test whether physiological arousal mediates this link; and (3) to examine the longitudinal link between parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions and adolescent HIV risk behaviors, and test whether adolescents' tendency to use suppression of distressing thoughts and emotions as a coping strategy mediates this link.] Results from the proposed study will be discussed in terms of their applicability to HIV prevention programs and their impact on public health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite major advancements in HIV prevention efforts in recent years, HIV/AIDS remains a global epidemic and a major public health concern (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2010). Adolescents and young adults account for more new HIV infections than individuals in any other age group- 34% of new HIV cases in the United States and over 50% of new cases globally (CDC, 2008; UNICEF, UNAIDS, & WHO, 2002). The proposed project aims to inform HIV prevention efforts by advancing understanding of the precursors and mechanisms related to adolescent engagement in behaviors that place them at both direct (e.g., unsafe sexual practices) and indirect (e.g., substance use) risk for HIV infection and, thus, has important public health implications.