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Impulsivity and Stimulant Drug Reward

冲动和兴奋剂药物奖励

基本信息

批准号：
8316771
负责人：
Jessica J Weafer
金额：
$ 4.98万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-30 至 2014-07-29
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is designed to investigate associations between impulsivity and sensitivity to drug reward. Impulsivity and sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs are two known risk factors for drug abuse. Impulsivity is thought to have a causal role in the onset of abuse. It is a multi-faceted construct comprised of impulsive action (difficulty controlling behavior); impulsive choice (difficulty delaying gratification); impulsive attention (difficulty focusing on the task at hand); and impulsive personality (predisposition to rash action). Sensitivity to reward is also thought to influence susceptibility to use drugs, although arguments have been made that risk is related to both higher than average or lower than average sensitivity to reward. The relationship between impulsivity and reward sensitivity is poorly understood. The two constructs may independently contribute to risk for drug abuse, or they could be related to each other. There is some evidence that high impulsivity is related to low reward sensitivity, especially sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs. Additionally, thee is neurobiological evidence linking both impulsivity and drug reward to dopamine activity, further suggesting that the two might be related. The aim of the current proposal is to examine sensitivity to the subjective rewarding effects of the stimulant drugs amphetamine (0-20 mg), MDMA (0-1.5 mg/kg), and caffeine (0-200 mg) in individuals high and low on each of the sub-components of impulsivity. It is hypothesized that highly impulsive individuals will exhibit a dampened subjective response compared to non-impulsive individuals. Additionally, the proposal will test if this dampened response to reward is also observable in response to sweet taste liking, a measure of non-drug reward, or if it is specific to drugs of abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目旨在调查冲动和药物奖励敏感性之间的关联。冲动和对药物奖赏效应的敏感性是药物滥用的两个已知风险因素。冲动被认为在虐待的发生中起着因果作用。它是一个多方面的结构，包括冲动行为（难以控制行为）;冲动选择（难以延迟满足）;冲动注意力（难以专注于手头的任务）;和冲动人格（冲动行为的倾向）。对奖励的敏感性也被认为会影响对使用药物的敏感性，尽管有人认为风险与高于平均水平或低于平均水平的奖励敏感性有关。冲动性和奖励敏感性之间的关系知之甚少。这两个结构可能独立地导致药物滥用的风险，或者它们可能彼此相关。有一些证据表明，高冲动性与低奖励敏感性有关，特别是对药物奖励效应的敏感性。此外，神经生物学证据将冲动和药物奖励与多巴胺活动联系起来，进一步表明两者可能相关。目前的建议的目的是检查的敏感性的主观奖励的影响，兴奋剂安非他明（0-20毫克），MDMA（0-1.5毫克/公斤），和咖啡因（0-200毫克）的个人高和低的冲动的每个子组件。据推测，与非冲动个体相比，高度冲动的个体将表现出抑制的主观反应。此外，该提案还将测试这种对奖励的抑制反应是否也可观察到对甜味的喜爱，这是一种非药物奖励的措施，或者它是否特定于滥用药物。公共卫生相关性：本项目将研究冲动和对奖励的敏感性之间的关系。它将检查的假设，即高度冲动的个人是不太敏感的奖励，特别是奖励的主观效果的药物滥用。据信，这些因素单独或共同影响药物滥用的风险，所获得的知识可能有助于预防药物滥用。公共卫生相关性：本项目将研究冲动和对奖励的敏感性之间的关系。它将检查的假设，即高度冲动的个人是不太敏感的奖励，特别是奖励的主观效果的药物滥用。据信，这些因素单独或共同影响药物滥用的风险，所获得的知识可能有助于预防药物滥用。