Neurophysiological basis of speech perception

言语感知的神经生理学基础

• 批准号: 8287049
• 负责人: Einat Liebenthal
• 金额: $ 30.95万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8287049
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Animal Vocalization; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Biological; Brain; Buffers; Categories; Child; Code; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dyslexia; Funding; Human; Language; Learning; Left; Linguistics; Maps; Mediating; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Phonetics; Procedures; Process; Property; Retrieval; Role; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; Variant; Visual; abstracting; base; frontal lobe; improved; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; phonology; rehearsal; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; spatiotemporal; speech processing; vocalization

We propose to continue to study the neurophysiological basis of speech perception with particular emphasis on the role in auditory and phonemic perception of middle and posterior fields in and near the left superior temporal sulcus (STS), using a comprehensive neuroimaging approach in healthy adults and children. The middle portion of the left STS (mSTS), just anterior and ventral to Heschl's gyrus (HG), is responsive to speech utterances including prelexical segments such as isolated syllables and phonemes, as well as non linguistic familiar sounds such as nonspeech human vocalizations and animal vocalizations. Our principal hypothesis is that the ventral pathway from HG to mSTS mediates the highly-efficient process of mapping the sequential, chronological acoustic information in speech waveforms onto linguistically relevant, highly-abstract and categorical representations stored in mSTS. We propose to examine the spatiotemporal organization of this pathway and its specificity for phonemic perception. The left STS posterior to HG (pSTS) has been implicated in the learning of non-native speech and other novel sounds, in the retrieval and rehearsal of speech (phonological processing) and other auditory sequences and in articulatory planning. The pSTS, bilaterally, also responds to the perception of biological motion. Our principal hypothesis is that a region of the left pSTS acts as a working-memory buffer, transiently storing veridical representations with low-levels of abstraction, that retain the sequential, chronological properties of sounds necessary for phonological processing and articulatory planning. Similarly, regions of the pSTS are responsive to biological motion because of the temporal dimension central to its perception. We propose to examine the common role of this region in speech and biological motion perception and in forming transient veridical representations for novel sounds. Children still developing phonemic perception compared to adults display shallower boundaries between phonemic categories. Children also display a pattern of activation for speech sounds that is more distributed, including left frontal and premotor cortex and a more posterior involvement of the temporal lobes. However, children demonstrate greater plasticity in the acquisition of non-native phoneme categories compared to adults. We propose to compare the ability of children and adults to learn a non-native phonetic contrast, presumably initially through formation of transient veridical representations with low-levels of abstraction in pSTS and eventually through formation of long-term highly-abstract, categorical neural representations in mSTS. We will examine the developing and mature brain with regard to the rate and limitations in the development of phonemic category representations and the neural mechanisms underlying acquisition of phonemic perception.

我们建议继续研究言语感知的神经生理学基础，特别是 强调在听觉和音位知觉的中间和后面的领域和附近的作用， 健康成人左侧上级颞沟（STS）的综合神经影像学研究 和儿童 左侧STS的中间部分（mSTS），就在Heschl's gyrus（HG）的前面和腹侧， 对包括词前段如孤立音节的言语发声作出反应， 音素，以及非语言熟悉的声音，如非言语人类发声， 动物发声我们的主要假设是，从HG到mSTS的腹侧通路介导 在语音中映射顺序的、按时间顺序的声学信息的高效过程 将波形转换到存储在mSTS中的语言相关的、高度抽象的和分类的表示上。 我们建议检查这一途径的时空组织及其对音素的特异性 perception. HG后的左STS（pSTS）与非母语语言的学习有关， 其他新的声音，在检索和排练的讲话（语音处理）和其他 听觉序列和发音规划。双边的pSTS也对这种看法作出反应， 生物运动。我们的主要假设是左pSTS的一个区域作为工作记忆 缓冲区，暂时存储具有低抽象级别的真实表示， 音系学处理和发音所必需的声音的顺序和时间特性 规划类似地，pSTS的区域响应于生物运动，这是由于时间上的差异。 它的感知的中心维度。我们建议研究这个区域在言语中的共同作用 和生物运动感知以及形成新颖声音的瞬时真实表示。 与成人相比，仍在发展音素知觉的儿童显示出更浅的边界 不同的音素类别儿童也显示出一种激活语音的模式， 更多的分布，包括左额叶和运动前皮质，以及更多的后部参与， 颞叶然而，儿童在习得非母语时表现出更大的可塑性， 与成年人相比的音素类别。我们建议比较儿童和成人的能力， 学习非母语语音对比，可能最初是通过形成短暂的真实的 在pSTS中以低层次的抽象表示，并最终通过形成长期的 高度抽象的分类神经表征。我们将研究发展中国家和 成熟的大脑在音位范畴发展的速度和限制方面 表征和音素知觉获得的神经机制。