Neurophysiological basis of speech perception

言语感知的神经生理学基础

• 批准号: 8094342
• 负责人: Einat Liebenthal
• 金额: $ 30.95万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8094342
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Animal Vocalization; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Biological; Brain; Buffers; Categories; Child; Code; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dyslexia; Funding; Health; Human; Language; Learning; Left; Linguistics; Maps; Mediating; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Phonetics; Procedures; Process; Property; Retrieval; Role; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; Variant; Visual; abstracting; base; frontal lobe; improved; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; phonology; rehearsal; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; spatiotemporal; speech processing; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to continue to study the neurophysiological basis of speech perception with particular emphasis on the role in auditory and phonemic perception of middle and posterior fields in and near the left superior temporal sulcus (STS), using a comprehensive neuroimaging approach in healthy adults and children. The middle portion of the left STS (mSTS), just anterior and ventral to Heschl's gyrus (HG), is responsive to speech utterances including prelexical segments such as isolated syllables and phonemes, as well as non linguistic familiar sounds such as nonspeech human vocalizations and animal vocalizations. Our principal hypothesis is that the ventral pathway from HG to mSTS mediates the highly-efficient process of mapping the sequential, chronological acoustic information in speech waveforms onto linguistically relevant, highly-abstract and categorical representations stored in mSTS. We propose to examine the spatiotemporal organization of this pathway and its specificity for phonemic perception. The left STS posterior to HG (pSTS) has been implicated in the learning of non-native speech and other novel sounds, in the retrieval and rehearsal of speech (phonological processing) and other auditory sequences and in articulatory planning. The pSTS, bilaterally, also responds to the perception of biological motion. Our principal hypothesis is that a region of the left pSTS acts as a working-memory buffer, transiently storing veridical representations with low-levels of abstraction, that retain the sequential, chronological properties of sounds necessary for phonological processing and articulatory planning. Similarly, regions of the pSTS are responsive to biological motion because of the temporal dimension central to its perception. We propose to examine the common role of this region in speech and biological motion perception and in forming transient veridical representations for novel sounds. Children still developing phonemic perception compared to adults display shallower boundaries between phonemic categories. Children also display a pattern of activation for speech sounds that is more distributed, including left frontal and premotor cortex and a more posterior involvement of the temporal lobes. However, children demonstrate greater plasticity in the acquisition of non-native phoneme categories compared to adults. We propose to compare the ability of children and adults to learn a non-native phonetic contrast, presumably initially through formation of transient veridical representations with low-levels of abstraction in pSTS and eventually through formation of long-term highly-abstract, categorical neural representations in mSTS. We will examine the developing and mature brain with regard to the rate and limitations in the development of phonemic category representations and the neural mechanisms underlying acquisition of phonemic perception. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In the proposed experiments, we provide a theoretical framework for defining the functional differentiation of middle and posterior temporal regions for speech and auditory perception. Understanding the respective role of these regions may suggest means of improving the treatment of disorders associated with deficits in phonemic perception and in particular dyslexia. Delineating the cortical areas involved in different aspects of speech processing is an important building block in the effort to develop a functional map of the cortex and for optimizing presurgical language mapping procedures. The proposed studies will also inform developmental models of speech acquisition.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议继续研究言语感知的神经生理学基础，特别强调左侧上级颞沟（STS）内和附近的中间和后部区域在听觉和音素感知中的作用，在健康成人和儿童中使用全面的神经成像方法。左侧STS的中间部分（mSTS），就在Heschl's gyrus（HG）的前面和腹侧，对包括词前片段（如孤立的音节和音素）以及非语言熟悉的声音（如非语言人类发声和动物发声）的语音发声有反应。我们的主要假设是，从HG到mSTS的腹侧通路介导了将语音波形中的顺序、时间声学信息映射到存储在mSTS中的语言相关、高度抽象和分类表征的高效过程。我们建议检查这个途径的时空组织和它的特异性音素知觉。HG后的左侧STS（pSTS）参与了非母语语音和其他新声音的学习，语音（语音处理）和其他听觉序列的检索和排练以及发音计划。双侧pSTS也对生物运动的感知做出反应。我们的主要假设是，左pSTS的一个区域作为一个工作记忆缓冲区，短暂地存储低层次的抽象的真实表示，保留了语音处理和发音规划所需的顺序，时间属性的声音。同样，pSTS的区域对生物运动有反应，因为时间维度对其感知至关重要。我们建议研究这个区域在语音和生物运动感知中的共同作用，以及在形成新声音的瞬时真实表征中的作用。与成人相比，仍在发展音素知觉的儿童在音素类别之间显示出较浅的界限。儿童对语音的激活模式也更加分散，包括左额叶和前运动皮层以及颞叶的后部参与。然而，儿童表现出更大的可塑性，在收购的非母语音素类别相比，成人。我们建议比较儿童和成人学习非母语语音对比的能力，大概最初是通过在pSTS中形成具有低抽象水平的瞬时真实表征，最终通过在mSTS中形成长期高度抽象的分类神经表征。我们将研究发育中和成熟的大脑在音位范畴表征的发展速度和限制以及音位感知获得的神经机制。公共卫生相关性：在拟议的实验中，我们提供了一个理论框架来定义的语音和听觉感知的中，后颞区的功能分化。了解这些区域各自的作用，可能会建议改善与音素感知缺陷相关的疾病，特别是阅读障碍的治疗方法。描述参与语音处理不同方面的皮层区域是开发皮层功能图和优化术前语言映射程序的重要组成部分。拟议的研究还将为语音习得的发展模型提供信息。