SLOS and Neuronal Oxidative Stress

SLOS 和神经元氧化应激

• 批准号: 8306817
• 负责人: Ned Allen Porter
• 金额: $ 31.08万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-27 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8306817
• 关键词: 7-dehydrocholesterol; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase; Acetylcysteine; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Anabolism; Animals; Antioxidants; Astrocytes; Autistic Disorder; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Biology; Brain; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Characteristics; Chemistry; Cholecalciferol; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Homeostasis; Data; Defect; Development; Disease; Embryo; Enzymes; Exhibits; Fatty Acids; Fibroblasts; Free Radicals; Gene Expression; Growth; Hereditary Disease; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Human; Human Biology; Huntington Disease; Image; Imaging Techniques; In Vitro; Individual; Isotopes; Lead; Light; Link; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Liquid substance; Maps; Measurable; Mental Retardation; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Morphology; Mus; Mutation; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neonatal; Nerve Degeneration; Neurobiology; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Organ; Outcome; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Parkinson Disease; Pathway interactions; Patients; Plasma; Poison; Process; Property; Public Health; Publishing; Research; Rodent; Rodent Model; Sampling; Series; Skin; Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome; Source; Staging; Sterols; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Testing; Tissues; Tocopherols; Toxic effect; Tritium; United States National Institutes of Health; Urine; Vitamin E; Work; ascorbate; chemical synthesis; cholesterol biosynthesis; fetal; genetically modified cells; human disease; human tissue; hydroxypyridine; in vivo; ion mobility; lipid peroxidation inhibitor; material transfer agreement; member; mouse model; neuron development; neuronal survival; novel; oxidation; peroxidation; public health relevance; research study; small molecule; tissue culture

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): 7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is an important lipid in human biology. It is the immediate biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol and it is also a precursor to vitamin D3. Very recent discoveries indicate that 7-DHC is very prone to undergo free radical chain oxidation with molecular oxygen, i.e. lipid peroxidation. Indeed, 7- DHC's reactivity makes it more susceptible to lipid peroxidation than nearly any other known compound. Lipid peroxidation is associated with many human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's, ALS, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. Many of the compounds formed during lipid peroxidation have potent biological activities and neurodegeneration may be associated with these toxic peroxidation products. A human syndrome affecting 1 in 10-30,000 individuals, Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), is caused by a defect in the enzyme (Dhcr-7) that promotes the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis. This defect results in an increase by up to 10,000-fold of 7-DHC concentrations in individuals suffering from this syndrome. SLOS causes a range of brain abnormalities and these patients also exhibit mental retardation and autism-like symptoms. This proposal is focused on the consequences of the accumulation of 7-DHC in SLOS. A guiding hypothesis is that 7-DHC and its peroxidation metabolites are detrimental to neuronal function. The hypothesis also states that accumulation of 7-DHC and its peroxidation-derived byproducts leads to changes in the growth and function of neurons, the consequences being the devastating abnormalities observed in these individuals. The peroxidation products of 7-DHC have been isolated, purified and fully characterized. Methods will be developed to determine if these peroxidation products or their metabolites are observed as biomarkers in tissues and cells having elevated levels of 7-DHC. The systems studied will include three SLOS mouse models, neuronal cells that are genetically engineered to have high levels of 7-DHC, skin-cells (fibroblasts) from seven SLOS patients and plasma, urine and cerebral spinal fluid from patient samples by Dr. Forbes Porter at the NIH/NICHD. Another major theme of the research is to assess the biological consequences resulting from exposure of a cell or animal to 7-DHC peroxidation products. The effect of peroxidation products on neuronal cell viability, morphology and gene expression will be assessed and finally, an effort will be initiated to find small molecule inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (antioxidants) that protect cells and reverse the phenotypic characteristics of SLOS rodent models. Lipid peroxidation is frequently linked to neurodegenerative disorders and the relevance of this research to public health is the linkage of the fundamental studies in the chemistry and biology of peroxidation and its inhibition proposed here to neurodegenerative disorders, including a devastating syndrome, SLOS. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a devastating neurodevelopmental metabolic disorder caused by a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis that leads to a build up of toxic oxysterol compounds. Establishing assays for the toxic compounds in human fluids and understanding their fundamental neurobiology will shed light on SLOS and lead to therapies for this disorder and others that have altered cholesterol metabolism.

描述（申请人提供）：7-脱氢胆固醇（7-DHC）是人体生物学中一种重要的脂质。它是胆固醇的直接生物合成前体，也是维生素D3的前体。最近的发现表明，7-DHC很容易发生自由基链氧化与分子氧，即脂质过氧化。事实上，7- DHC的反应性使其比几乎任何其他已知化合物更容易发生脂质过氧化。脂质过氧化与许多人类疾病有关，包括神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病、ALS、阿尔茨海默病和亨廷顿病。脂质过氧化过程中形成的许多化合物具有强大的生物活性，神经变性可能与这些有毒的过氧化产物有关。Smith-Lemli-Opitz综合征（SLOS）是一种人类综合症，每10-30,000人中就有1人患有这种综合症，它是由促进胆固醇生物合成最后一步的酶（Dhcr-7）缺陷引起的。这种缺陷导致7-DHC浓度在患有这种综合征的个体中增加多达10,000倍。sls导致一系列大脑异常，这些患者还表现出智力迟钝和自闭症样症状。该建议的重点是7-DHC在sls中积累的后果。一个指导性假设是7-DHC及其过氧化代谢物对神经元功能有害。该假说还指出，7-DHC及其过氧化衍生副产物的积累导致神经元生长和功能的变化，其后果是在这些个体中观察到的破坏性异常。对7-DHC的过氧化产物进行了分离纯化，并对其进行了表征。将开发方法来确定这些过氧化产物或其代谢物是否在7-DHC水平升高的组织和细胞中被观察到作为生物标志物。研究的系统将包括三个SLOS小鼠模型，基因工程使其具有高水平7-DHC的神经细胞，来自7名SLOS患者的皮肤细胞（成纤维细胞）以及来自NIH/NICHD的Forbes Porter博士的患者样本的血浆，尿液和脑脊液。本研究的另一个主要主题是评估细胞或动物暴露于7-DHC过氧化产物所造成的生物学后果。过氧化产物对神经元细胞活力、形态和基因表达的影响将被评估，最后，将开始努力寻找脂质过氧化小分子抑制剂（抗氧化剂），以保护细胞并逆转sls啮齿动物模型的表型特征。脂质过氧化经常与神经退行性疾病联系在一起，这项研究与公共卫生的相关性是过氧化的化学和生物学基础研究的联系，以及在这里提出的对神经退行性疾病的抑制，包括一种破坏性综合征，SLOS。