Strengthening Supports for Healthy Relationships: A Gender-Sensitive, Mixed Metho

加强对健康关系的支持：性别敏感的混合方法

• 批准号: 8444749
• 负责人: Poco Kernsmith
• 金额: $ 34.97万
• 依托单位: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-30 至 2015-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8444749
• 关键词: Strengthening; Supports; Healthy; Relationships; Gender

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern in the United States, having developmental roots in youth relationship behaviors. Within Wayne County, Michigan, rates of IPV among youth are estimated at 14%, although this estimate is believed to be conservative (Youth Behavior Surveillance, 1997). Given the gravity of the problem, it is important to understand the modifiable protective factors that may be efficacious in prevention perpetration, including social engagement, normative cognitions, parental supervision, and self-control, and how these relate to risk factors including community violence and concentrated disadvantage, childhood trauma, and early exposure to pornography. Adolescents geographically located in an urban environment are at heightened risk for exposure to various forms of violence or other traumatic events, yet there is little research that adequatel examines the relation between community context and IPV. The aim of the research is to contribute to the knowledge base and prevention field by underscoring the longitudinal relationships between IPV, risk and protective factors at the community, school, and family levels, and context and cognitions about violence. Specific attention will also be provided to the role of technology in the various forms of IPV, as well as a gender sensitive lens regarding the similarities and difference in the mechanism, meaning and context of IPV. The central hypothesis of the study is that modifiable factors within the community, school, and family can impact and moderate the risk factors that exist within the lives of youth, buffering these impacts to decrease IPV perpetration. We expect that social engagement and connections and approaches to influence normative cognitions will moderate the impacts of traumatic life events and exposures. Using a large-scale longitudinal mixed-methods design, the proposed study seeks to disentangle the relationship between IPV perpetration, community context, school environment, and peer and family influences. Six school districts in Wayne County will participate in the proposed study over a three-year period, including three waves of survey research, focus groups, and policy analysis. Within each school district, one high school and at least one middle school, stratified by level of violence and concentrated disadvantage, will participate in the research. Schools will receive a monetary incentive for participation. Participating schools will also be provided with extensive training and capacity building regarding prevention programming and policy development. Students from the middle and high schools who provide parental consent and youth assent will be surveyed in each of the three years, starting with the sixth and tenth grade years respectively. A desired sample size of 1240 is desired to allow for unavoidable attrition and in order to have adequate power for complex analysis of the interrelationships of factors. From this sample, youth and their parents will be recruited to participate in separate focus groups to provide greater depth of understanding the results of the survey research and written policy analysis. Following the survey administration, students' residences will be geocoded at the census block group level and a large dataset will be constructed that will merge survey data with publically available crime data, census information, and school characteristics. At each stage of the research process, extensive measures will be taken to preserve the confidentiality of participants. At the end of each wave of data collection, data sharing and assistance with data interpretation will take place in a collaborative effort between the research team and schools in order to build infrastructure for primary prevention. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, analysis will be conducted using hierarchical linear modeling and structural equation modeling. A nested model structure that appropriately analyzes the hierarchical nature of the study variables will be used to estimate the effects of individual, relational, school, and community-level risk and protective factors for IPV perpetration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research is to generate knowledge surrounding the factors at the individual, relational, school, community, and societal levels that may prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and explore the roles of gender, technology, and changing norms of relationships in the etiology of abusive behavior. The proposed mixed methods study is theoretically driven and incorporates a scientific research design that addresses the prevalence and incidence of IPV in representative samples of adolescent males and females, as well as diverse ages, races/ethnicities, and social classes. The exploration of normative cognitions about violence, self control, and exposure to community violence and other forms of trauma, all in the context of technological use and misuse will provide us a foundation that informs continued research and practice in the area of developing evidence-based prevention protocols for intimate partner violence.

描述(由申请人提供)：亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)在美国是一个重要的公共卫生问题，其发展根源于青少年的关系行为。在密歇根州韦恩县，年轻人的IPV比率估计为14%，尽管这一估计被认为是保守的(青年行为监测，1997)。鉴于问题的严重性，重要的是要了解在预防犯罪中可能有效的可修改的保护因素，包括社会参与、规范认知、父母监督和自我控制，以及这些因素与社区暴力和集中劣势、童年创伤和早期接触色情制品等风险因素的关系。地理上处于城市环境中的青少年接触各种形式的暴力或其他创伤性事件的风险更高，但很少有研究充分研究社区环境和IPV之间的关系。这项研究的目的是通过强调社区、学校和家庭一级的IPV、风险和保护因素以及对暴力的背景和认知之间的纵向关系，为知识基础和预防领域做出贡献。还将特别注意技术在各种形式的知识产权制度中的作用，以及关于知识产权制度的机制、含义和背景的相似和不同之处的对性别敏感的视角。这项研究的中心假设是，社区、学校和家庭中的可改变因素可以影响和调节青年生活中存在的风险因素，缓冲这些影响以减少IPV的发生。我们预计，社会参与以及影响规范认知的联系和方法将缓解创伤性生活事件和暴露的影响。使用大规模纵向混合方法设计，本研究试图理清IPV实施、社区环境、学校环境以及同伴和家庭影响之间的关系。韦恩县的六个学区将在三年内参与这项拟议的研究，包括三波调查研究、焦点小组和政策分析。在每个学区内，将有一所高中和至少一所中学参与这项研究，这些学校按照暴力程度和集中劣势的程度进行分层。学校将获得参与的金钱奖励。还将向参加活动的学校提供有关预防、方案拟订和政策制定的广泛培训和能力建设。提供父母同意和青少年同意的初中生和高中生将在三年内每年接受调查，分别从六年级和十年级开始。期望的样本量为1240，以考虑不可避免的自然损耗，并有足够的能力对因素之间的相互关系进行复杂的分析。从这个样本中，青少年及其父母将被招募参加不同的焦点小组，以提供更深入的了解调查研究和书面政策分析的结果。在调查管理之后，将在人口普查区块组级别对学生住所进行地理编码，并将构建一个大型数据集，将调查数据与公开可用的犯罪数据、人口普查信息和学校特征合并。在研究过程的每个阶段，将采取广泛措施保护参与者的机密性。在每一波数据收集结束时，将在研究小组和学校之间的合作努力中分享数据和协助数据解释，以便为初级预防建立基础设施。为了检验所提出的假设，将使用分层线性模型和结构方程模型进行分析。对研究变量的层次性进行适当分析的嵌套模型结构将被用来估计个人、关系、学校和社区层面的风险和保护因素对IPV实施的影响。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将在个人、关系、学校、社区和社会层面产生关于可能防止亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)的因素的知识，并探索性别、技术和不断变化的关系规范在虐待行为病因中的作用。拟议的混合方法研究是理论驱动的，并纳入了一项科学研究设计，该设计解决了具有代表性的青少年男性和女性以及不同年龄、种族/民族和社会阶层样本中IPV的流行和发病率。在技术使用和误用的背景下，探索关于暴力、自我控制和暴露于社区暴力和其他形式的创伤的规范性认知，将为我们提供一个基础，为制定亲密伴侣暴力的循证预防协议领域的继续研究和实践提供信息。