Prenatal diet, PM2.5 and programming of the infant autonomic response

产前饮食、PM2.5 和婴儿自主反应的规划

• 批准号: 8574006
• 负责人: Rosalind J Wright
• 金额: $ 18.35万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-10 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8574006
• 关键词: Diet; Infant; prenatal; programs; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasticity is a consequence of environmental exposures during critical life periods affecting physiological systems orchestrating underlying developmental processes. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a putative key regulatory system vulnerable to perinatal environmental programming toward trajectories of enhanced pediatric and adult disease risk. Epidemiological studies that examine candidate environmental factors that program the ANS starting in utero and explore putative underlying mechanisms are scarce. While environmental influences are diverse, factors gaining attention with respect to fetal programming and autonomic disruption include particulate air pollution and maternal diet (e.g., oxidant/antioxidant balance). While these factors have generally been considered independently, evolving theory underscores the importance of studying their integrated effects. Biological mechanisms responsible for adverse outcomes associated with particulate pollution include ANS imbalance and the induction of oxidative stress is thought to have a central role. Air pollution effects on the mother during pregnancy may disrupt fetal-placental oxidant/antioxidant balance with implications for the developing ANS. Dietary factors may play a modulating role on effects of air pollutants. This investigative team leveraged the Harvard Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study, a prenatal urban cohort, to add nutritional measures to study and examine associations among prenatal short-term (7-day mean) and chronic exposure to ambient particulate pollution [PM2.5, black carbon (BC) as a marker of traffic-related particles] and autonomic function in 6-month old infants. ANS phenotyping is indexed through a neuroendocrinologial approach analyzing salivary ¿-amylase levels during basal ambulatory conditions and following an in-laboratory stressor. An electrophysiological approach is also employed to analyze ANS reactivity [indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)] in response to the same in-laboratory stressor. Secondly, associations among long- and short- term prenatal ambient particulate pollution, biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) will be examined in maternal prenatal urine and cord blood, and infant autonomic functioning to explore whether associations between prenatal pollution and infant autonomic balance are mediated through enhanced oxidative stress. Finally, ambient particulate pollution will be examined on ANS functioning in 6-month olds to see if the effects are modified by maternal prenatal dietary factors that may protect the infant from oxidative stress [e.g., ?-3 fatt acids and antioxidant micronutrients (e.g., vitamins C and E and flavonoids)] ascertained using a triad approach incorporating a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), dietary records obtained twice during pregnancy, and select maternal serum/plasma biomarkers ascertained prenatally.

描述（由申请人提供）：可塑性是在影响生理系统协调潜在发育过程的关键生命时期环境暴露的结果。自主神经系统（ANS）被认为是一个关键的调节系统，容易受到围产期环境规划的影响，从而提高儿童和成人疾病的风险。目前很少有流行病学研究对影响子宫内ANS的候选环境因素进行研究，并探索可能的潜在机制。虽然环境影响是多种多样的，但在胎儿规划和自主神经中断方面引起关注的因素包括颗粒空气污染和母亲饮食（例如，氧化剂/抗氧化剂平衡）。虽然这些因素通常被认为是独立的，但不断发展的理论强调了研究它们综合影响的重要性。与颗粒污染相关的不良后果的生物学机制包括ANS失衡和氧化应激的诱导被认为具有核心作用。空气污染对怀孕期间母亲的影响可能会破坏胎儿-胎盘氧化/抗氧化平衡，从而影响发育中的ANS。饮食因素可能对空气污染物的影响起调节作用。该调查小组利用哈佛代际压力机制规划（PRISM）研究，一项产前城市队列研究，添加营养措施来研究和检查产前短期（平均7天）和慢性暴露于环境颗粒污染[PM2.5，黑碳（BC）作为交通相关颗粒的标志]与6个月大婴儿自主神经功能之间的关系。ANS表型是通过神经内分泌学方法分析唾液淀粉酶水平在基本的动态条件下，并在实验室压力源索引。电生理方法还用于分析ANS对相同实验室应激源的反应性[以呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）为指标]。其次，我们将在孕妇产前尿液和脐带血中检测长期和短期产前环境颗粒污染、氧化应激生物标志物（f2 -异前列腺素）和婴儿自主神经功能之间的关联，以探索产前污染与婴儿自主神经平衡之间的关联是否通过氧化应激增强来介导。最后，环境颗粒污染将对6个月大婴儿的ANS功能进行检查，以确定是否会受到母亲产前饮食因素的影响，这些因素可能会保护婴儿免受氧化应激[例如？](3)脂肪酸和抗氧化微量营养素（如维生素C和E和类黄酮）]使用三联法确定，包括食物频率问卷（FFQ），怀孕期间两次获得的饮食记录，并选择产前确定的母体血清/血浆生物标志物。