Mobile Sampling of Air Pollutants to Assess Exposure in a Large Cohort of Childre

对空气污染物进行移动采样以评估大量儿童的暴露情况

• 批准号: 8265312
• 负责人: Scott Anthony Fruin
• 金额: $ 14.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8265312
• 关键词: Accounting; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Asthma; Award; Binding; Biometry; Bronchitis; California; Carbon Black; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Cohort Studies; Data; Development; Development Plans; Disease; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Health; Environmental Wind; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Health; Health Resources; Home environment; Hour; Housing; Hybrids; Influentials; Knowledge; Lead; Length; Life; Link; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Meteorology; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Network-based; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pollution; Population Density; Prevalence; Preventive Medicine; Property; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Qualifying; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Respiratory physiology; Sampling; Schools; Seasons; Site; Solid; Source; Speed; Study Subject; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Variant; Weight; Wheezing; Work; base; career development; cohort; elementary school; field study; high school; improved; instrumentation; interest; kindergarten; land use; meter; novel; novel strategies; operation; particle; pollutant; population based; professor; public health relevance; residence; respiratory; skills; statistics; time use; tool; trafficking; ultrafine particle; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traffic proximity studies show significant chronic childhood respiratory health effects from living or going to school near traffic, but no one has yet been able to determine which pollutant component(s) are responsible for these effects. The objective of Dr. Fruin's research is to provide a novel approach to exposure assessment for air pollution chronic disease epidemiology, using highly time- and spatially-resolved mobile measurements of ultrafine particles, particle-bound PAHs, coarse PM, and NO2, likely causal pollutants which show sharp- but not identical-near-road concentration gradients. The proposed sampling platform (housed in a hybrid electric vehicle) will permit spatial and diurnal characterization of dynamic exposures not currently possible using fixed-location monitoring. Associations of time-of-day and location-specific exposures at school and home with bronchitic symptoms, wheeze and asthma (the most common chronic childhood disease) will be examined. The research will be conducted in a large cohort of the University of Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS), an influential longitudinal study of the health effects of air pollution on children, which has followed over 11,000 children from kindergarten through high school. The CHS is a rich source of existing health and exposure data, conducted by a talented research team with a productive history of findings that have greatly advanced our understanding of air pollution effects. Dr. Scott Fruin joined this team in the Department of Preventive Medicine at USC in 2007 as assistant professor in the Environmental Health Division, which has conducted the CHS since 1992. Dr. Fruin received his doctorate in 2003 from UCLA's School of Public Health while working at the California Air Resources Board. The goal of this five-year development award is to provide Dr. Fruin with the skills and expertise to become an independent researcher in the field of air pollution exposure assessment as he gains the essential expertise to integrate improved exposure assessment techniques into large epidemiological studies like the CHS. His career development plan will build: 1) improved expertise in spatial statistics and geographic information systems (GIS) tools, to be able to effectively build spatio-temporal exposure models from the new measurement techniques; 2) improved understanding of respiratory health endpoints; and 3) improved expertise in environmental epidemiology, to link respiratory health endpoints to the improved exposure estimates. Dr. Fruin will take coursework and receive mentoring from experts in each of these fields while applying new expertise directly as he conducts an ambitious field study in Years One and Two. Three highly-qualified mentors will supervise his training. Rob McConnell (environmental epidemiology) will serve as the primary mentor, while Ed Avol (exposure assessment) and Dr. Jim Gauderman (spatial biostatistics) will serve as co-mentors. Additional advisors and CHS investigators will also enhance this collegial and highly productive research environment that is ideal for a new investigator to develop the multi-disciplinary skills that are the objective of this proposal. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: High exposure to traffic emissions is ubiquitous in urban areas and has been linked to numerous adverse health effects. New measurement and exposure modeling techniques are proposed to provide epidemiologists the spatial and temporal resolution needed to account for time-of-day and location-specific exposure differences. This will improve exposure assessment accuracy and help determine which components in traffic emissions are most responsible for the observed health effects.

描述（由申请人提供）：交通邻近研究表明，在交通附近居住或上学对儿童慢性呼吸健康有显著影响，但尚未有人能够确定哪些污染物成分对这些影响负责。Fruin博士的研究目的是为空气污染慢性疾病流行病学提供一种新的暴露评估方法，使用高度时间和空间分辨的超细颗粒、颗粒结合的多环芳烃、粗PM和NO2的移动测量，这些可能是因果污染物，它们在道路附近显示出尖锐但不相同的浓度梯度。拟议的采样平台（安装在混合动力电动汽车中）将允许动态暴露的空间和昼夜特征，目前使用固定位置监测是不可能的。将检查在学校和家中的特定时间和地点暴露与支气管炎症状、喘息和哮喘（最常见的儿童慢性疾病）的关系。这项研究将在南加州大学儿童健康研究（CHS）的一个大型队列中进行，这是一项关于空气污染对儿童健康影响的有影响力的纵向研究，跟踪调查了11,000多名从幼儿园到高中的儿童。CHS是现有健康和接触数据的丰富来源，由一个才华横溢的研究小组进行，其研究结果具有丰富的历史，大大提高了我们对空气污染影响的理解。Scott Fruin博士于2007年加入南加州大学预防医学系的这个团队，担任环境卫生部门的助理教授，该部门自1992年以来一直进行CHS。他于2003年在加州空气资源委员会工作期间获得加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院的博士学位。这项为期五年的发展奖励的目标是为Fruin博士提供技能和专业知识，使他成为空气污染暴露评估领域的独立研究人员，因为他获得了将改进的暴露评估技术整合到CHS等大型流行病学研究中的必要专业知识。他的职业发展计划将建立：1)提高空间统计和地理信息系统（GIS）工具方面的专业知识，能够有效地利用新的测量技术建立时空暴露模型；2)提高对呼吸健康终点的认识；3)提高环境流行病学的专业知识，将呼吸健康终点与改进的暴露估计联系起来。Fruin博士将参加这些领域的课程并接受专家的指导，同时在第一年和第二年进行雄心勃勃的领域研究时直接应用新的专业知识。三位高素质的导师将监督他的培训。Rob McConnell（环境流行病学）将担任主要导师，Ed Avol（暴露评估）和Jim Gauderman博士（空间生物统计学）将担任联合导师。额外的顾问和CHS研究人员也将加强这种合议和高效的研究环境，这是新研究者发展多学科技能的理想选择，这是本提案的目标。