Mobile Sampling of Air Pollutants to Assess Exposure in a Large Cohort of Childre

对空气污染物进行移动采样以评估大量儿童的暴露情况

• 批准号: 7952786
• 负责人: Scott Anthony Fruin
• 金额: $ 14.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7952786
• 关键词: Accounting; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Arts; Asthma; Award; Binding; Biometry; Bronchitis; California; Carbon Black; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Cohort Studies; Data; Development; Development Plans; Disease; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Health; Environmental Wind; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Growth; Health; Health Resources; Home environment; Hour; Housing; Hybrids; Influentials; Knowledge; Lead; Length; Life; Link; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Meteorology; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Network-based; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Policies; Pollution; Population Density; Prevalence; Preventive Medicine; Property; Public Health; Public Health Schools; Qualifying; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Respiratory physiology; Sampling; Schools; Seasons; Site; Solid; Source; Speed; Study Subject; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Variant; Weight; Wheezing; Work; base; career development; cohort; elementary school; field study; high school; improved; instrumentation; interest; kindergarten; land use; meter; novel; novel strategies; operation; particle; pollutant; population based; professor; public health relevance; residence; respiratory; skills; statistics; time use; tool; trafficking; ultrafine particle; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traffic proximity studies show significant chronic childhood respiratory health effects from living or going to school near traffic, but no one has yet been able to determine which pollutant component(s) are responsible for these effects. The objective of Dr. Fruin's research is to provide a novel approach to exposure assessment for air pollution chronic disease epidemiology, using highly time- and spatially-resolved mobile measurements of ultrafine particles, particle-bound PAHs, coarse PM, and NO2, likely causal pollutants which show sharp- but not identical-near-road concentration gradients. The proposed sampling platform (housed in a hybrid electric vehicle) will permit spatial and diurnal characterization of dynamic exposures not currently possible using fixed-location monitoring. Associations of time-of-day and location-specific exposures at school and home with bronchitic symptoms, wheeze and asthma (the most common chronic childhood disease) will be examined. The research will be conducted in a large cohort of the University of Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS), an influential longitudinal study of the health effects of air pollution on children, which has followed over 11,000 children from kindergarten through high school. The CHS is a rich source of existing health and exposure data, conducted by a talented research team with a productive history of findings that have greatly advanced our understanding of air pollution effects. Dr. Scott Fruin joined this team in the Department of Preventive Medicine at USC in 2007 as assistant professor in the Environmental Health Division, which has conducted the CHS since 1992. Dr. Fruin received his doctorate in 2003 from UCLA's School of Public Health while working at the California Air Resources Board. The goal of this five-year development award is to provide Dr. Fruin with the skills and expertise to become an independent researcher in the field of air pollution exposure assessment as he gains the essential expertise to integrate improved exposure assessment techniques into large epidemiological studies like the CHS. His career development plan will build: 1) improved expertise in spatial statistics and geographic information systems (GIS) tools, to be able to effectively build spatio-temporal exposure models from the new measurement techniques; 2) improved understanding of respiratory health endpoints; and 3) improved expertise in environmental epidemiology, to link respiratory health endpoints to the improved exposure estimates. Dr. Fruin will take coursework and receive mentoring from experts in each of these fields while applying new expertise directly as he conducts an ambitious field study in Years One and Two. Three highly-qualified mentors will supervise his training. Rob McConnell (environmental epidemiology) will serve as the primary mentor, while Ed Avol (exposure assessment) and Dr. Jim Gauderman (spatial biostatistics) will serve as co-mentors. Additional advisors and CHS investigators will also enhance this collegial and highly productive research environment that is ideal for a new investigator to develop the multi-disciplinary skills that are the objective of this proposal. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: High exposure to traffic emissions is ubiquitous in urban areas and has been linked to numerous adverse health effects. New measurement and exposure modeling techniques are proposed to provide epidemiologists the spatial and temporal resolution needed to account for time-of-day and location-specific exposure differences. This will improve exposure assessment accuracy and help determine which components in traffic emissions are most responsible for the observed health effects.

描述（由申请人提供）：交通邻近性研究表明，在交通附近生活或上学会对儿童呼吸道健康产生显着的慢性影响，但尚未有人能够确定哪些污染物成分造成了这些影响。 Fruin 博士的研究目标是为空气污染慢性病流行病学的暴露评估提供一种新颖的方法，使用高度时间和空间分辨率的移动测量超细颗粒、颗粒结合的多环芳烃、粗颗粒物和二氧化氮，这些污染物可能是致病污染物，在道路附近显示出尖锐但不相同的浓度梯度。拟议的采样平台（安装在混合动力电动汽车中）将允许对动态暴露进行空间和昼夜表征，而目前使用固定位置监测无法实现这一点。将检查一天中的时间和学校和家中特定地点的暴露与支气管症状、喘息和哮喘（最常见的慢性儿童疾病）之间的关系。这项研究将在南加州大学儿童健康研究 (CHS) 的一个大型队列中进行，该研究是一项颇具影响力的纵向研究，旨在研究空气污染对儿童健康的影响，对 11,000 多名从幼儿园到高中的儿童进行了跟踪调查。 CHS 是现有健康和暴露数据的丰富来源，由才华横溢的研究团队进行，他们的研究成果丰富，极大地增进了我们对空气污染影响的理解。 Scott Fruin 博士于 2007 年加入南加州大学预防医学系，担任环境健康部门助理教授，该部门自 1992 年起开展 CHS。Fruin 博士于 2003 年在加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院获得博士学位，同时在加州空气资源委员会工作。这个为期五年的发展奖的目标是为 Fruin 博士提供成为空气污染暴露评估领域的独立研究员的技能和专业知识，因为他获得了将改进的暴露评估技术整合到 CHS 等大型流行病学研究中的必要专业知识。他的职业发展计划将建立：1）提高空间统计和地理信息系统（GIS）工具方面的专业知识，以便能够利用新的测量技术有效地构建时空暴露模型； 2）提高对呼吸健康终点的了解； 3) 提高环境流行病学专业知识，将呼吸系统健康终点与改进的暴露估计联系起来。 Fruin 博士将在第一年和第二年进行雄心勃勃的实地研究时，参加课程作业并接受每个领域专家的指导，同时直接应用新的专业知识。三位高素质导师将监督他的训练。 Rob McConnell（环境流行病学）将担任主要导师，Ed Avol（暴露评估）和 Jim Gauderman 博士（空间生物统计学）将担任联合导师。其他顾问和 CHS 研究人员也将增强这种学术性和高生产力的研究环境，这对于新研究人员发展多学科技能（本提案的目标）来说是理想的。 公共健康相关性：城市地区普遍存在交通排放的高风险，并与许多不利的健康影响有关。提出了新的测量和暴露建模技术，为流行病学家提供解释一天中不同时间和特定地点暴露差异所需的空间和时间分辨率。这将提高暴露评估的准确性，并有助于确定交通排放中的哪些成分对观察到的健康影响最有影响。