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Neural substrates for matching hearing to utterance

用于匹配听觉和言语的神经基质

基本信息

批准号：
8241048
负责人：
DARCY B KELLEY
金额：
$ 34.51万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1982
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1982-01-01 至 2014-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8241048
关键词：
Acoustics Address Adult Advertisements Affect African Animals Aphasia Articulation Disorders Auditory Axon Behavior Biological Models Biological Neural Networks Brain Cell Nucleus Cochlear Implants Communication Communication impairment Coupled Cues Development Dextrans Dyes Endocrine Excitatory Synapse Fluorescent Dyes Goals Gonadotropins Health Hearing Hearing Impaired Persons Hormones Human In Vitro Language Development Larynx Learning Lesion Link Location Maps Measurement Measures Mediating Methods Midbrain structure Molecular Motor Motor Neurons Neuromodulator Neurons Neurosecretory Systems Neurotransmitters Output Pattern Phase Play Preparation Prevalence Production Prosencephalon Rana Regulation Research Role Serotonin Shapes Signal Transduction Social Environment Songbirds Speech Speech Disorders Speech Perception Stuttering Synaptic Transmission System Testing Thalamic structure Ticks Ventral Striatum Vertebrates Work Xenopus Xenopus laevis Xenopus sp.auditory nuclei base bird song cell type dextran extracellular hindbrain improved in vivo insight interest male mirror neuron system neural circuit neuromechanism nonhuman primate pressure programs relating to nervous system research study response skills vocal control vocalization

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Common to all vocal communication systems is matching between hearing and utterance. The match can be achieved via learning (as in song birds or humans) or be innate or largely unlearned (as in frogs or non-human primates), but in both cases strong selective pressures have shaped the ability to produce appropriate vocal responses to specific acoustic signals. How this task is accomplished by the neural networks that produce vocal responses is not well understood in part because of the complexity of most experimental systems. The long-term goal of this research is to understand neural mechanisms for auditory/vocal communication through exploration of a well-established model system: vocal communication in the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Many aspects of the neural circuitry underlying vocal production have been worked out and a reduced preparation - the isolated brain- can be induced to produce fictive calling. We are particularly interested in understanding the role of a forebrain nucleus, the ventral striatum (VST) which - uniquely in the Xenopus vocal circuit - receives auditory information and projects directly to the major hindbrain afferent of vocal motor neurons, nucleus DTAM. The central hypothesis of this research program is that the VST participates in selecting an appropriate vocal pattern in response to specific acoustic input. To investigate this hypothesis we first need additional information about how the VST functions as a pre-motor and an auditory nucleus. Production of vocal signals is controlled by a set of neuromodulators whose effects depend on endocrine state. Thus an additional goal of this phase of the research is to understand how neuroendocrine factors such as gonadotropin and neuromodulators such as serotonin affect the function of the VST in the vocal circuit. Our experimental approaches combine in vitro and in vivo methods. We use the isolated brain preparation we have recently developed to understand the participation of various components of the auditory/vocal neural circuit in the vocal response; cellular and molecular approaches are combined with stimulation and electrophysiological recording. We will test proposed mechanisms in vivo to determine to what extent whether they actually participate in the endogenous control of vocal behavior in the animal. The ability of forebrain to influence vocal output could derive from an ancient set of neural connections that have been elaborated in some vertebrates. If so, the forebrain/hindbrain, auditory/vocal system in Xenopus laevis should provide very interesting insights into the ways in which neural networks for communication can function as well as suggesting ways in which communication disorders can be treated. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Several human speech disorders are attributable to impaired function of auditory/vocal linkages. Deafening before language acquisition has profound effects on development and communicative skills [64]. When prelingually deaf adults receive cochlear implants, the quality of the speech production improves along with speech perception [65]. Articulation disorders, which are commonly regarded as motor in origin, such a stuttering and aphasia, can improve, sometimes quite dramatically, by auditory cues delivered in a social context such as choral speaking [66] and singing [67]. The effects of choral speaking, in particular, have been proposed to be mediated by the "mirror neuron" system that supports imitation in general and vocal imitation in particular. form the basis for "mirror neuron" systems proposed to function in human speech and learned bird song. Auditory/vocal linkages in forebrain may, in fact, arise from a set of evolutionarily ancient mechanisms that link hearing to utterance. If so, understanding auditory/vocal matching in Xenopus could provide a set of candidate neural mechanisms whose prevalence and utility can then be investigated more widely.

描述（由申请人提供）：所有语音通信系统的共同点是听觉和言语之间的匹配。这种匹配可以通过学习来实现（如鸣禽或人类），也可以是先天的或很大程度上不需要学习的（如青蛙或非人类灵长类动物），但在这两种情况下，强大的选择压力都塑造了对特定声音信号产生适当声音反应的能力。由于大多数实验系统的复杂性，目前还没有很好地理解产生声音反应的神经网络如何完成这项任务。这项研究的长期目标是通过探索一个完善的模型系统来了解听觉/声音交流的神经机制：南非爪蛙（Xenopus laevis）的声音交流。发声背后的神经回路的许多方面已经得到解决，并且可以诱导减少的准备工作（孤立的大脑）产生虚构的呼叫。我们对了解前脑核、腹侧纹状体 (VST) 的作用特别感兴趣，它在爪蟾发声回路中是独一无二的，接收听觉信息并直接投射到发声运动神经元的主要后脑传入神经核 DTAM。该研究项目的中心假设是 VST 参与选择适当的声音模式以响应特定的声学输入。为了研究这个假设，我们首先需要有关 VST 如何作为前运动核和听觉核发挥作用的额外信息。声音信号的产生由一组神经调节剂控制，其作用取决于内分泌状态。因此，该阶段研究的另一个目标是了解促性腺激素等神经内分泌因子和血清素等神经调节剂如何影响声带中 VST 的功能。我们的实验方法结合了体外和体内方法。我们使用最近开发的隔离大脑准备来了解听觉/发声神经回路的各个组成部分在发声反应中的参与；细胞和分子方法与刺激和电生理记录相结合。我们将在体内测试所提出的机制，以确定它们是否在多大程度上真正参与了动物声音行为的内源性控制。前脑影响声音输出的能力可能源自一组古老的神经连接，这些连接已在一些脊椎动物中得到了阐述。如果是这样，非洲爪蟾的前脑/后脑、听觉/发声系统应该为沟通神经网络的运作方式提供非常有趣的见解，并为沟通障碍的治疗方法提供建议。公共卫生相关性一些人类言语障碍可归因于听觉/声音联系功能受损。语言习得之前的震耳欲聋对发展和沟通技能有着深远的影响[64]。当语前失聪的成年人接受人工耳蜗植入后，言语产生的质量随着言语感知的提高而提高[65]。发音障碍通常被认为是运动起源的，例如口吃和失语症，可以通过在社会环境中提供的听觉线索（例如合唱演讲[66]和唱歌[67]）来改善，有时效果相当显着。特别是，合唱演讲的效果被认为是由“镜像神经元”系统介导的，该系统支持一般模仿，特别是声音模仿。形成了“镜像神经元”系统的基础，该系统被提议在人类语言和学习鸟鸣中发挥作用。事实上，前脑中的听觉/声音联系可能源于一组将听觉与言语联系起来的进化上古老的机制。如果是这样，了解非洲爪蟾的听觉/声音匹配可以提供一组候选神经机制，然后可以更广泛地研究其普遍性和实用性。