Intercellular communication in Epstein Barr virus reactivation

描述(申请人提供)：爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)在艾滋病相关的非霍奇金淋巴瘤中具有高度渗透性，它是肿瘤表型的关键驱动因素。虽然EBV潜伏期基因对促进肿瘤表型至关重要，但从潜伏期到裂解周期的转换是成功的EBV感染计划的关键方面。因此，推动这种转变的机制多年来一直是积极研究的主题。虽然在组织培养中可以通过刺激B细胞受体(带有抗-Ig)或转化生长因子-β受体(具有异位转化生长因子-β)来实现EBV的重新激活，但目前还不确定在体内EBV感染的淋巴细胞中此类事件有多常见(David Thorley-Lawson实验室的工作)。这项应用的主要假设是，EBV已经进化出一种感知机制，可以让潜伏感染的B细胞在遇到上皮细胞环境时检测到它们。该模型认为，来自口腔/扁桃体上皮的环境信号(例如，在生发中心反应的后期)会触发B细胞的重新激活，从而促进B细胞到上皮细胞的病毒转移，这是口腔上皮细胞斑块形成和宿主到宿主传播的基本第一步。 公共卫生相关性：EBV感染级联涉及一系列复杂的事件。宿主对宿主传播的一个关键组成部分是病毒从携带潜伏病毒库的B细胞转移到口腔上皮细胞，在口腔上皮细胞中，传染性病毒被放大并分泌到唾液中。我们假设，这种转移部分是通过上皮细胞和潜伏感染的B细胞之间的细胞间通讯来协调的，以提高这一交换途径的效率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is highly penetrant in AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas where it is a key driver of the tumor phenotype. While EBV latency genes are critical for facilitating the tumor phenotype, the switch from latency to the lytic cycle is a critical aspect of a successful EBV infection program. As a result, the mechanisms driving this switch have been topics of active investigation over the years. Although EBV reactivation can be achieved in tissue culture through stimulation of the B-cell receptor (with anti-Ig) or the TGF-beta receptor (with ectopic TGF-beta), it is uncertain how common such events are in EBV-infected lymphocytes in vivo (work from David Thorley-Lawson's lab). The overarching hypothesis of this application is that EBV has evolved with a sensing mechanism for latently infected B-cells to detect when they encounter an epithelial cell environment. This model proposes that environmental cues from the oral/tonsil epithelium (in the late stages of the germinal center reaction, for example) trigger reactivation in B-cells, thereby facilitating the B-cell to epithelial cell viral transfer that is a fundamental first step n oral epithelial plaque formation and host- to-host transmission. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The EBV infection cascade involves a complex series of events. A critical component of host-to-host transmission is the transfer of virus from B-cells harboring the latency viral reservoir to the oral epithelium where infectious virus is amplified an secreted into the saliva. We hypothesize that this transfer is orchestrated, in part, through cell o cell communication between epithelial cells and latently infected B-cells to increase the efficiency of this exchange pathway.