The interaction of Burkitt???s lymphoma cofactors EBV and Plasmodium

描述（由申请人提供）：地方性伯基特淋巴瘤（eBL）是撒哈拉以南非洲最常见的儿科癌症。地方性BL是一种侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤，具有两种感染性辅因子：早期Epstein巴尔病毒（EBV）感染和频繁的恶性疟原虫疟疾。最近的研究表明，恶性疟原虫寄生虫增加了来自B细胞系的EBV的溶解活化。结果表明，恶性疟原虫通过多克隆活化B细胞发挥其对EBV的作用。恶性疟原虫寄生虫含有多种多克隆B细胞活化剂，包括CpG DNA，其刺激Toll样受体9（TLR 9）。最近显示，使用CpG寡核苷酸序列激活B细胞增加了B细胞的感染和EBV诱导的增殖。然而，尚未显示恶性疟原虫寄生虫是否增加原发性EBV感染和EBV诱导的B细胞增殖。我们的初步体外和体内研究表明，恶性疟原虫确实增加了这些措施。我们通过定量PCR观察到，与肯尼亚西部附近的低疟疾地区相比，高疟疾地区儿童中EBV感染细胞的频率增加。为了进一步确定恶性疟原虫和EBV在eBL方面的相互作用，我们提出了以下研究。我们将完成一项体外研究，以确定恶性疟原虫对建立EBV潜伏期的影响。我们假设暴露于恶性疟原虫将增加EBV诱导的增殖、EBV负荷或改变体外B细胞的EBV感染的B细胞表型。我们还将通过在肯尼亚西部进行急性恶性疟原虫疟疾现场研究，以确定恶性疟原虫疟疾是否激活B细胞并增加其对体内EBV感染的易感性，将我们的工作转化为临床。我们将比较恶性疟原虫疟疾患者和健康对照个体B细胞的B细胞活化和EBV感染。这将使我们能够对我们在初步研究中观察到的哪种B细胞类型携带增加的EBV做出结论。总的来说，这项工作将确定恶性疟原虫和EBV的相互作用，目的是发现eBL的预防策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) is the most common pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Endemic BL is an aggressive B cell lymphoma with two infectious cofactors: early Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection and frequent Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Recent research suggests that P. falciparum parasites increase the lytic activation of EBV from B cell lines. It was shown that P. falciparum parasites exert their effect o EBV through polyclonal activation B cells. Plasmodium falciparum parasites contain multiple polyclonal B cell activators, including CpG DNA, which stimulates toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). It was recently shown that activation of B cells using CpG oligonucleotide sequences increased the infection and EBV-induced proliferation of B cells. It has not been shown, however, whether P. falciparum parasites increase the primary EBV infection and EBV-induced proliferation of B cells. Our preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that P. falciparum indeed increases these measures. We observed an increased frequency of EBV infected cells in children in a high malaria area compared to those in a nearby low malaria area of western Kenya by quantitative PCR. To further determine the interaction of P. falciparum and EBV in regard to eBL we have proposed the following studies. We will complete an in vitro study to determine the effects of P. falciparum on the establishment of EBV latency. We hypothesize that exposure to P. falciparum parasites will increase the EBV-induced proliferation, EBV load, or alter the EBV infected B cell phenotype of B cells in vitro. We will also translate our work to the clinic by performing an acute P. falciparum malaria field study in western Kenya to determine whether P. falciparum malaria activates B cells and increases their susceptibility to EBV infection in vivo. We will compare the B cell activation and EBV infection of individual B cells from P. falciparum malaria patients and healthy controls. This will allow us to make conclusions about which B cell type harbors the increased EBV we observed with our preliminary studies. Overall, this work will determine the interaction of P. falciparum and EBV with the goal of discovering preventative strategies for eBL.