Pilot Investigation of Behavioral Alternatives to Indoor Tanning

室内晒黑行为替代方案的试点调查

• 批准号: 8303760
• 负责人: SHERRY L. PAGOTO
• 金额: $ 21.47万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8303760
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Adopted; Affect; Age; Appearance; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Image; Businesses; Carcinogens; Chemosensitization; Control Groups; Costs and Benefits; Data; Dependency; Development; Dose; Economics; Equilibrium; Esthesia; Feasibility Studies; Feedback; Female; Focus Groups; Health; Industry; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Lead; Light; Link; Long-Term Effects; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Motivation; Outcome; Participant; Physical Function; Printing; Procedures; Property; Randomized; Reaction; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Skin Cancer; Skin tanning; Source; Statutes and Laws; Stress; Suggestion; Sunbathing; Taxes; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Ultraviolet Rays; Visit; Woman; Work; Yoga; base; cost; experience; follow-up; improved; informant; intervention effect; melanoma; post intervention; satisfaction; secondary outcome; theories; therapy development; uptake; young woman

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Indoor tanning (IT) before the age of 35 increases risk for melanoma-the most fatal type of skin cancer. In spite of the risks, 25-40% of young women report use in the past year. Indoor tanners report two reasons for IT: physical appearance and stress reduction. Behavioral economic theory suggests that an effective way to decrease an unhealthy behavior is by increasing alternatives that serve a similar function with comparable or less effort or cost. Sunless tanning (ST) is a promising IT alternative because it produces a tan without UVR exposure. Mounting evidence suggests that indoor tanners who adopt ST subsequently reduce IT.9 Our trial of beach visitors showed reduced sunbathing following a ST intervention, but we have not tested this in indoor tanners, for whom the desire to be tan is a strong motivator (more so than beach visitors).1 One challenge to ST is that it is not a source of stress reduction, the other major reason young women tan indoors. Yoga is efficacious for stress reduction and so may have potential to be a healthy alternative to IT. Together ST and yoga, by addressing both key IT motivators, may prove a potent combination for reducing IT. The objective of the present study is to determine the feasibility and short-term efficacy of providing free ST and yoga to indoor tanners in an effort to "nudge" them to switch from IT to healthy alternatives. The healthy alternatives (ST and yoga) were chosen based on their having similar immediate consequences as IT, while both being impossible to do during IT (to avoid potentiation). Free access to healthy alternatives gives participants a low-risk opportunity to try something new that is consistent with their motivations. Experiencing the reinforcing properties of the alternatives could prime continued use. We will begin by conducting focus groups of female indoor tanners to solicit opinions about and barriers to ST and Hatha yoga and feedback on proposed intervention procedures. After refining the intervention, female indoor tanners (N=150) will be randomized to one of three conditions: Sunless Tanning, Sunless+Yoga, and Control. We hypothesize that the Sunless condition will lead to greater reductions in IT relative to Control, and Sunless+Yoga will lead to greater reductions in IT relative to Sunless alone. Costs, benefits, and acceptability of healthy alternatives relative to I will be assessed. Moderators (tanning dependency, sensation seeking, body image, perceived stress) and mediators (stress reduction effect of yoga, acceptability of ST and yoga) of the interventions effects on IT will be tested. Focus groups will be conducted following the intervention to evaluate acceptability, facilitators, and barriers to the interventions. We will alo conduct key informant interviews of tanning business owners to assess their reactions and opinions on what type of data and/or new legislation would compel them to change their business plan toward healthy alternatives. Data from the present study will be used to support a larger trial that tests the short- and long-term effects of free trial periods of ST with and withot yoga relative to an effective print-based intervention. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Ultraviolet radiation exposure heightens risk for melanoma, especially among young women who tan indoors. Indoor tanners report that they tan to improve their physical appearance and to reduce stress, and these benefits seem to outweigh the health risks. The present study will determine whether incentivizing indoor tanners' engagement in healthy alternative behaviors that enhance appearance (sunless tanning) and reduce stress (yoga) will decrease their indoor tanning.

描述（由申请人提供）：35岁之前的室内晒黑（IT）会增加患黑色素瘤（最致命的皮肤癌类型）的风险。尽管存在风险，去年仍有25-40%的年轻女性报告使用过。室内晒黑者报告了两个原因：美观和减轻压力。行为经济学理论认为，减少不健康行为的有效方法是增加以相当或更少的努力或成本提供类似功能的替代品。无太阳晒黑（ST）是一种很有前途的IT替代方案，因为它可以在没有紫外线辐射的情况下晒黑。越来越多的证据表明，采用ST的室内晒黑者随后减少了它。9我们对海滩游客的试验显示，在ST干预后，日光浴的次数减少了，但我们还没有在室内晒黑者身上进行测试，对他们来说，晒黑的欲望是一个强烈的动机（比海滩游客更强烈）ST面临的一个挑战是，它不是减压的来源，这是年轻女性在室内晒日光浴的另一个主要原因。瑜伽对减轻压力是有效的，因此可能有潜力成为IT的健康替代品。通过解决这两个关键的IT激励因素，ST和瑜伽一起可能被证明是减少IT的有效组合。本研究的目的是确定向室内晒黑者提供免费ST和瑜伽的可行性和短期效果，以“推动”他们从IT转向健康的替代品。选择健康的替代方案（ST和瑜伽）是基于它们与IT具有相似的直接后果，而两者在IT期间都不可能做（以避免增强）。免费获得健康替代品给参与者提供了一个低风险的机会，可以尝试与他们的动机一致的新事物。体验替代品的增强特性可以为继续使用奠定基础。我们将首先组织女性室内晒黑师焦点小组，征求对ST和哈他瑜伽的意见和障碍，并对拟议的干预程序进行反馈。在完善干预措施后，女性室内晒黑者（N=150）将随机分为三组：无太阳晒黑、无太阳晒黑+瑜伽和对照组。我们假设，相对于控制组，无太阳组会导致更多的IT减少，而无太阳组+瑜伽组会导致更多的IT减少。将评估相对于I的健康替代品的成本、收益和可接受性。将测试干预措施对IT影响的调节因子（晒黑依赖、感觉寻求、身体形象、感知压力）和调节因子（瑜伽的减压效果、ST和瑜伽的可接受性）。焦点小组将在干预后进行，以评估干预的可接受性、促进因素和障碍。我们还将对晒黑企业主进行关键信息提供者访谈，以评估他们对何种类型的数据和/或新的立法将迫使他们改变其商业计划，转向健康替代品的反应和意见。本研究的数据将用于支持一项更大的试验，该试验将测试与有效的基于打印的干预相比，有瑜伽和没有瑜伽的ST免费试用期的短期和长期效果。