Project 2: Pesticide Exposure Pathways

这项研究旨在整合我们的农药暴露研究在整个中心队列社区内， 华盛顿的亚基马山谷地区。这将联系我们之前关于暴露途径的研究，这些研究已经 在较小规模上进行了单次喷洒：描述化学归宿的农药喷洒漂移研究， 运输和接触评估研究，重点是住宅接触因素， 暴露、人类活动模式、个人暴露和剂量估计。生活在农业区的儿童 社区是一个脆弱的社区，有许多潜在的但尚未完全特征化的暴露途径 除了传统的带回家接触途径之外， 饮食、饮用水和住宅杀虫剂的使用。我们研究的总体目标是了解 社区范围内的暴露，涉及多种应用、作物、天气模式和人类活动 可能导致儿童在施用农药后非职业性接触农药。农药漂移和 分散将使用测量和物理传输模型，我们已经基准在我们的 以前的研究，从实际的喷雾事件现场样品。将评估住宅特征和土地用途 利用目前用于选择化学品的决策工具中的作物数据和农药施用信息， 治疗。参与者的活动模式将使用GPS跟踪设备进行评估，该设备可集成到 描述喷雾期间个人活动的时空数据集。利用这些身体和行为 暴露因素，这项研究旨在确定儿童接触农药的决定因素， 通过尿代谢物或其他生物标志物估计的邻近途径。这项研究将带来创新 接触评估方法，以承担农药喷雾漂移的问题，并在这样做将确定 最好的机会，申请人，社区，或父母的干预。

This study is designed to integrate our pesticide exposure research across the Center cohort community within the Yakima Valley region of Washington. This will link our previous research on exposure pathways which has been conducted on a smaller scale with single spray events: pesticide spray drift studies describing chemical fate and transport, and exposure assessment studies, with emphasis on residential exposure factors, para-occupational exposures, human activity patterns, personal exposure and dose estimation. Children who live in agricultural communities are a vulnerable community having many potential yet not fully characterized exposures pathways related to their proximity to pesticide spraying in addition to the traditional pathways of take-home exposure, diet, drinking water, and residential pesticide use. The overall objective of our research is to understand how exposures at a community scale, involving multiple applications, crops, weather patterns, and human activities may contribute to non-occupational exposures of children following pesticide applications. Pesticide drift and dispersion will be evaluated using measurements and physical transport models we have benchmarked in our previous studies to field samples from actual spray events. Residential characteristics and land use will be assessed with crop data and pesticide application information from the current decision tools used for selecting chemical treatments. Participant's activity patterns will be assessed using a GPS tracking device that can be integrated into a spatial-temporal data set describing personal activity during spray episodes. Using these physical and behavioral exposure factors, this study seeks to identify the determinants of children's exposure to pesticides from the proximity pathway as estimated through urinary metabolites or other biomarkers. This study will bring innovative methods of exposure assessment to bear on the problem of pesticide spray drift, and in doing so will identify the best opportunities for applicator, community, or parental interventions.