Optically Induced Anisometropia

光学引起的屈光参差

• 批准号: 8303211
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8303211
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Anisometropia; Area; Biochemical; Biometry; Birth; Blindness; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Contact Lenses; Control Groups; Crystalline Lens; Development; Elements; Equilibrium; Etiology; Exposure to; Eye; Eyeglasses; Foundations; Goals; Growth; Hour; Human; Human Development; Hyperopia; Infant; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Light; Lighting; Macaca mulatta; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Methods; Monkeys; Myopia; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pattern; Peripheral; Population; Prevalence; Primates; Property; Public Health; Refractive Errors; Regimen; Relative (related person); Research; Retina; Role; Sensory Disorders; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Societies; Stimulus; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Vision; Visual; cost; deprivation; design; effective therapy; emmetropization; experience; insight; lens; monocular; programs; protective effect; research study; therapy design; treatment strategy; vision development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Soon after birth, most infants develop the optimal refractive error (i.e., "clinical" emmetropia) in both eyes that is then maintained throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of common human refractive errors (e.g., myopia or nearsightedness) and ultimately to develop effective optical treatment strategies that reduce the impact of refractive errors. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development and to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth. Since many of the required experiments can not be conducted in humans, but our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to human development, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Controlled rearing strategies, optical and ultrasonographic measurement techniques, and magnetic resonance imaging will be used to determine: 1) the effects of high ambient light levels on emmetropization and vision-dependent changes in eye growth, 2) the influence of relative peripheral myopia on central axial growth and refractive development, and 3) whether relative myopic defocus that is simultaneously superimposed on competing hyperopic defocus (a very strong stimulus for growth) can retard axial growth and promote hyperopia. The proposed experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the manner in which visual experience influences refractive development and are an important step in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. More importantly, the results of these studies will potentially provide the foundation for new treatment and management strategies for human refractive errors.

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数婴儿在出生后不久就会出现最佳的双眼屈光不正（即“临床”斜视），然后在整个童年和成年早期保持。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，越来越多的人出现了异常屈光不正。我们研究项目的长期目标是更好地了解常见的人类屈光不正（例如近视或近视）的病因，并最终制定有效的光学治疗策略，减少屈光不正的影响。我们提出的研究的具体目的是确定视觉经验如何影响屈光发育，并描述调节眼睛生长的视觉依赖机制的操作特性。由于许多所需的实验不能在人类身上进行，但我们的目的是产生可以应用于人类发展的知识，因此这些实验将使用恒河猴进行。控制饲养策略、光学和超声测量技术以及磁共振成像将用于确定：1)高环境光水平对眼生长的正视化和视力依赖变化的影响；2)相对周围性近视对中央轴向生长和屈光发育的影响；3)与竞争性远视离焦同时叠加的相对近视离焦（对生长有很强的刺激作用）是否会延缓轴向生长，促进远视。拟议的实验侧重于有关视觉经验影响屈光发展的方式的基本问题，并且是确定视觉经验如何以及在多大程度上有助于人类常见屈光不正的发生的重要步骤。更重要的是，这些研究结果将有可能为人类屈光不正的新治疗和管理策略提供基础。