Development of Face Perception: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Investigations

面部感知的发展：横断面和纵向研究

• 批准号: 8400081
• 负责人: Kalanit Grill-Spector
• 金额: $ 53.94万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8400081
• 关键词: 11 year old; 16 year old; 7 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Anterior; Appearance; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Categories; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Disease; Elderly; Emotional; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Methods; Mission; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Pathway interactions; Performance; Process; Property; Prosopagnosia; Published Comment; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Shapes; Social Development; Structure; Teenagers; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Williams Syndrome; age related; base; developmental disease; experience; face perception; frontal lobe; improved; innovation; memory recognition; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; segregation; social; vision development; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are born with a propensity to look at faces, yet face recognition undergoes a surprisingly prolonged development into the late teens. Likewise, neuroimaging studies discovered prolonged development of face- selective regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) during childhood and into the teens involving age-related increases in face selectivity. Understanding the neural substrates of the development of face recognition is important because of the significance of face procesing in children's visual, social and emotional development, and is a prerequisite for understanding clinical conditions involving atypical face processing. However, it remains unknown how face selectivity develops, or how neural developments in VTC lead to better face recognition. We propose to elucidate the functional and structural brain mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition abilities, using cutting-edge neuroimaging and behavioral methods acquiring multimodal data in the same subjects, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In Aim 1 we will determine the factors that drive the development of face selectivity in VTC and examine the relationship between structural and functional developments. Thus, we will acquire behavioral, anatomical and functional data in each subject comparing data across young children (5-7 year olds, yo), children (9-11yo), and adults (23-25 yo) cross- sectionally and follow these developments longitudinally to determine: (1) what is the role of recent and cumulative experience in shaping face selectivity, (2) if viewing faces with central vision drives the development of face selectiviy, (3) if development of white matter structures is linked to development of face selectivity in VTC and (4) what is the reliability, sequence and longitudinal trajectory of the development of face selectivity, eccentricity bias and white matter structures in VTC. Longitudinal measurements wil provide unprecedented spatial and temporal precision revealing the casade of developments asociated with the emergence of cortical selectivity. In Aim 2 we will determine how neural developments lead to better face recognition. Proficient face recognition requires fine discrimination among similar faces and identification of specific faces across their many possible appearances. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of these two key processes are unknown. Thus, using cross-sectional measurements of performance and brain responses in children (7-11 yo), adolescents (12-16 yo) and adults (24-28 yo) we will determine (1) if developmental changes in neural tuning to face identity and view lead to beter face discrimination and (2) if developmental increases in specialization to faces in VTC lead to beter face identification. We expect these studies to significantly advance our knowledge of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of cortical selectivity to faces and improvements in face recognition, as well as progress our understanding of the neural mechanisms of long-term cortical plasticity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Our proposed research is in-line with the mission of the NEI to advance knowledge of how the visual system functions in health and disease as wel as the mission of the NICHD. We expect our proposed research to significantly advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition and high-level vision, providing an essential base for future research on developmental disorders involving altered visual and facial processing, such as congenital prosopagnosia, autism and Williams Syndrome. Our longitudinal studies will reveal links between functional and structural brain developments and their relation to age-related improvements in face processing, which will generate an important foundation for development of clinical diagnostics of atypical development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our proposed research is in-line with the mission of the NEI to advance knowledge of how the visual system functions in health and disease as wel as the mission of the NICHD to promote research relevant to children's development and health. We expect our proposed research to significantly advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition and high-level vision, providing an essential base for future research on developmental disorders involving altered visual and facial processing, such as congenital prosopagnosia, autism and Williams Syndrome. Our longitudinal studies will reveal links between functional and structural brain developments and their relation to age-related improvements in face processing, which will generate an important foundation for development of clinical diagnostics of atypical development.

描述(由申请者提供)：人类天生就有看脸的倾向，但人脸识别在十几岁时经历了令人惊讶的漫长发展。同样，神经成像研究发现，在儿童时期和青少年时期，大脑腹侧颞叶皮质(VTC)面部选择性区域的发育时间较长，这与年龄相关的面部选择性增加有关。理解面孔识别发展的神经基础是很重要的，因为面孔加工在儿童的视觉、社交 和情绪发育，是了解涉及非典型脸部加工的临床情况的先决条件。然而，目前尚不清楚面孔选择性是如何发展的，或者VTC的神经发育如何导致更好的面孔识别。我们建议使用尖端的神经成像和行为方法，从横截面和纵向上获取同一受试者的多模式数据，以阐明人脸识别能力发展背后的功能和结构大脑机制。在目标1中，我们将确定职训局面孔选择性发展的驱动因素，并研究结构和功能发展之间的关系。因此，我们将获得每个受试者的行为、解剖学和功能数据，比较幼儿(5-7岁)、儿童(9-11岁)和成年人(23-25岁)的横截面数据，并纵向跟踪这些发展，以确定：(1)最近和累积的经验在塑造面孔选择性方面起什么作用，(2)用中央视觉观看面孔是否推动面孔选择性的发展，(3)白质结构的发展是否与VTC中面孔选择性的发展有关，以及(4)面孔选择性发展的可靠性、顺序和纵向轨迹是什么，职业性TC偏心率与脑白质结构的关系纵向测量将提供前所未有的空间和时间精度，揭示与皮质选择性的出现相关的发展的级联。在目标2中，我们将确定神经发展如何导致更好的人脸识别。熟练的人脸识别需要在相似的人脸之间进行精细的区分，并从它们的许多可能的外观中识别特定的人脸。然而，这两个关键过程发展的神经机制尚不清楚。因此，通过对儿童(7-11岁)、青少年(12-16岁)和成人(24-28岁)的表现和大脑反应的横断面测量，我们将确定(1)对面孔身份和观点的神经调谐的发展变化是否会导致更好的面孔辨别能力，以及(2)职业技术培训中对面孔的专业化程度的发展是否会导致更好的面孔识别。我们期望这些研究能显著提高我们对大脑皮质对面孔的选择性发展和面孔识别能力的改善的神经机制的了解，并促进我们对大脑皮质长期可塑性的神经机制的理解。公共卫生相关性我们建议的研究符合NEI的使命，即促进视觉系统如何在健康和疾病中发挥作用的知识，以及NICHD的使命。我们希望我们提出的研究将显著促进对面部识别和高水平视觉发展的神经机制的理解，为未来涉及视觉和面部加工改变的发育障碍的研究提供必要的基础，如先天性失认症、自闭症和威廉姆斯综合征。我们的纵向研究将揭示脑功能和结构发育之间的联系，以及它们与年龄相关的面部加工改善的关系，这将为非典型发育的临床诊断学的发展奠定重要基础。 公共卫生相关性：我们建议的研究符合NEI的使命，即促进视觉系统如何在健康和疾病中发挥作用的知识，以及NICHD促进与儿童发展和健康相关的研究的使命。我们希望我们提出的研究将显著促进对面部识别和高水平视觉发展的神经机制的理解，为未来涉及视觉和面部加工改变的发育障碍的研究提供必要的基础，如先天性失认症、自闭症和威廉姆斯综合征。我们的纵向研究将揭示脑功能和结构发育之间的联系，以及它们与年龄相关的面部加工改善的关系，这将为非典型发育的临床诊断学的发展奠定重要基础。