Form and Motion Integration

形式与运动整合

• 批准号: 8316285
• 负责人: ANTHONY M NORCIA
• 金额: $ 46.82万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-06 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8316285
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age-Months; Amblyopia; Animals; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Binocular Vision; Brain; Cells; Cues; Data; Dendrites; Dependence; Development; Dissociation; Electroencephalography; Evolution; Eye; Eye Movements; Failure; Feedback; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Generations; Human; Human Development; Image; Individual; Infant; Judgment; Macaca; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Process; Psychophysiology; Resolution; Role; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Synapses; System; Testing; Visual Cortex; Visual Motion; Visual evoked cortical potential; Visual system structure; area striata; base; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; hemodynamics; insight; monocular; motion sensitivity; novel; novel strategies; optic flow; relating to nervous system; response; tool; vision development; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensitivity to motion and binocular cues are both of vital adaptive significance. While single unit studies have provided detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of direction-selectivity and binocularity in individual cortical areas and human fMRI studies have mapped slow hemodynamic responses in multiple human visual areas, neither approach provides an analysis of the functional dynamics of these networks. We have developed EEG-based source-imaging and signal analysis tools that we will use to develop predictive dynamical models of motion processing and binocular interaction throughout cortex at a spatial resolution that is on the order of 2 cm or less. In Aim 1 we will use EEG-source imaging and perceptual measurements to compare the functional form of spatio-temporal interactions underlying long- versus short-range apparent motion and to map their sites of generation. Direction-specific adaptation will be used to confirm which response components are due to motion mechanisms. We will also vary the observer's task in order to determine the extent of top-down (feedback) influences on apparent motion processing. A bistable apparent motion stimulus will be used to compare responses during episodes when apparent motion is perceived to when it is not. In Aim 2 we will apply recent technical developments in EEG source-imaging to the study of motion responses in the extra-striate cortex of typically developing humans infants between two and six months of age. These data will be used to test models of motion processing and to identify periods of rapid development. In Aim 3 we will study the relationship between intact motion processing and functional binocular interaction in patients with strabismus/amblyopia. Across the three Aims, four independent criteria (cortical locus, developmental dissociation, dependence on attention and pattern of non-linear interaction) will be used to provide converging evidence regarding the existence of multiple motion processing sub-systems as predicted by psychophysicists.

描述（由申请人提供）：对运动和双眼线索的敏感性都具有至关重要的适应性意义。虽然单单元研究提供了有关各个皮质区域的方向选择性和双眼性的时空动态的详细信息，并且人类功能磁共振成像研究绘制了多个人类视觉区域的缓慢血流动力学反应，但这两种方法都没有提供对这些网络的功能动态的分析。我们开发了基于脑电图的源成像和信号分析工具，我们将用它来开发整个皮层运动处理和双眼交互的预测动力学模型，空间分辨率约为 2 厘米或更小。在目标 1 中，我们将使用脑电图源成像和感知测量来比较长程与短程视运动背后的时空相互作用的功能形式，并绘制它们的生成位置。将使用特定方向的适应来确认哪些响应分量是由于运动机制引起的。我们还将改变观察者的任务，以确定自上而下（反馈）对表观运动处理的影响程度。双稳态视在运动刺激将用于比较在感知到视在运动时与未感知到视在运动时的反应。在目标 2 中，我们将应用脑电图源成像的最新技术发展来研究 2 至 6 个月大的典型发育人类婴儿的纹状体外皮层的运动反应。这些数据将用于测试运动处理模型并确定快速发展时期。在目标 3 中，我们将研究斜视/弱视患者的完整运动处理与功能性双眼交互之间的关系。在这三个目标中，四个独立的标准（皮质轨迹、发育分离、注意力依赖和非线性交互模式）将用于提供关于心理物理学家预测的多个运动处理子系统存在的汇聚证据。