Comparing Measures of Experiential and Evaluative Well-being

比较体验性幸福感和评价性幸福感的衡量标准

• 批准号: 8326582
• 负责人: MICHAEL BRENT DONNELLAN
• 金额: $ 39.97万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8326582
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Affective; Behavior; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Data Set; Devices; Economics; Evaluation; Event; Feeling; Future; German population; Goals; Gold; Health; Household; Individual; Judgment; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Medicine; Methods; Modeling; Moods; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Policy Maker; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychology; Psychometrics; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Resources; Respondent; Sample Size; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Signal Transduction; Surveys; Systematic Bias; Testing; Thinking; Time; Validity and Reliability; Work; age related; base; design; end of life; experience; heuristics; improved; interest; longitudinal design; mortality; reconstruction; research study; response; satisfaction; socioeconomics; trait; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Subjective well-being reflects an individual's overarching evaluation of the condition of her or his life. Researchers from economics to psychology to medicine have become increasingly interested in this construct. Health researchers have discovered connections between well-being and mortality, whereas policy-makers are debating how to best use information about well-being to inform policy decisions. The simplest approach to assessing well-being is to use global evaluative measures. Such measures are easily incorporated into large- scale surveys, which has allowed researchers to make substantial contributions to the science of well-being. However, there are pressing concerns about the validity of these evaluative measures. A major alternative is the use of experiential methods that track feelings of satisfaction and affect more or less in real-time. Proponents argue that these approaches are less cognitively demanding than evaluative measures, which makes it less likely that heuristics and biases will affect their validity. The "gold standard" experiential approach is the experience sampling method (ESM) in which a portable recording device is used to track feelings and behaviors in the moment. However, ESM research is expensive, time consuming, and difficult to implement on a large scale. A less intensive alternative is the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) in which participants divide their previous day into psychologically-meaningful units and report what they were doing and how they were feeling during those different episodes. The DRM is more practical than ESM for large panel studies. The broad goals of this project are to critically evaluate the psychometric properties of these three approaches and to incorporate both experiential approaches into an on-going, nationally representative panel study that already includes evaluative measures. The first specific aim is to thoroughly evaluate the properties of the DRM by comparing ESM and DRM responses on the same day and by estimating the stability of DRM assessments using short- and long-term longitudinal studies and advanced psychometric models. The second specific aim is to precisely quantify the extent that mood, survey context, and priming issues compromise the validity of global measures of well-being. This information is essential for making informed judgments about evaluative measures which are the easiest to implement in large-scale survey research. The final specific aim is to incorporate both ESM and DRM assessments into an on-going, nationally representative panel study. This existing study already includes evaluative measures and has been used to make important discoveries regarding well-being over the lifespan. The goal of the final specific aim will be to evaluate how previous aging- related well-being findings obtained with evaluative measures generalize to experiential methods. More importantly, the data from this longitudinal study will be made publicly available so that other researchers can advance the science of well-being using all three approaches.

描述(由申请人提供)：主观幸福感反映了个人对其生活状况的总体评价。从经济学到心理学再到医学，研究人员对这一概念越来越感兴趣。健康研究人员发现了幸福感和死亡率之间的联系，而政策制定者正在讨论如何最好地利用有关幸福感的信息来为政策决策提供信息。评估幸福感的最简单方法是使用全球评估指标。这样的措施很容易被纳入大规模调查，这使得研究人员能够为幸福科学做出实质性贡献。然而，人们对这些评估措施的有效性感到迫切关切。一种主要的替代方法是使用体验式方法来跟踪满足感，并或多或少地实时影响。支持者认为，与评估性措施相比，这些方法对认知的要求较低，这使得启发式和偏见影响其有效性的可能性较小。“黄金标准”的体验式方法是体验采样法(ESM)，在这种方法中，使用便携式记录设备来跟踪瞬间的感觉和行为。然而，ESM研究昂贵、耗时，而且难以大规模实施。另一种强度较低的替代方法是一天重建法(DRM)，参与者将前一天分成对心理有意义的单位，并报告他们在这些不同时期正在做什么和感觉如何。对于大型面板研究，DRM比ESM更实用。这个项目的主要目标是批判性地评估这三种方法的心理测量学特性，并将这两种经验方法纳入正在进行的、具有全国代表性的小组研究中，该研究已经包括了评估措施。第一个具体目标是通过比较ESM和DRM在同一天的反应，以及通过使用短期和长期纵向研究和高级心理测量模型估计DRM评估的稳定性，来彻底评估DRM的特性。第二个具体目标是精确量化情绪、调查背景和启动问题对全球幸福感衡量标准有效性的影响程度。这些信息对于在大规模调查研究中最容易实施的评估措施作出明智的判断是必不可少的。最终的具体目标是将ESM和DRM评估纳入正在进行的、具有全国代表性的小组研究中。这项现有的研究已经包括了评估措施，并已被用来对生命周期中的幸福感做出重要发现。最终具体目标的目标将是评估以前通过评估措施获得的与老龄化相关的幸福感发现如何推广到经验性方法。更重要的是，这项纵向研究的数据将公之于众，这样其他研究人员就可以使用这三种方法来推动幸福科学的发展。