Are Frontal Lobe Size and Executive Dysfunction Contributors to ADHD AND Dyslexia

额叶大小和执行功能障碍是导致多动症和阅读障碍的原因

• 批准号: 8260129
• 负责人: MICHELLE Y KIBBY
• 金额: $ 5.62万
• 依托单位: SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-24 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8260129
• 关键词: Age; Anterior; Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological; Brain; Child; Childhood; Code; Comorbidity; Detection; Developmental reading disorder; Diagnosis; Disease; Dyslexia; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Factor Analysis; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Inferior; Inferior frontal gyrus; Influentials; Institution; Intervention; Knowledge; Left; Link; MRI Scans; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Middle Inferior Frontal Convolution; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Precentral gyrus; Problem Solving; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; Structure; Structure of superior frontal gyrus; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Treatment outcome; Visual; Visuospatial; Width; Wisconsin; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; executive function; experience; frontal lobe; gray matter; interest; morphometry; neuropsychological; phonology; programs; public health relevance; rapid diagnosis; skills; visual stimulus; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children with dyslexia frequently present with poor phonological processing. However, it is becoming accepted that neurodevelopmental disorders may be best explained by a poly-factorial model which includes other common deficits as well. One such deficit is executive dysfunction. In the 1980s it was recognized that many children with dyslexia have executive dysfunction; however, research into this area largely fell by the wayside when researchers began examining phonological processing more consistently. As a result, much remains unknown about executive dysfunction in dyslexia, especially in terms of how it relates to frontal lobe structure. Dyslexia and ADHD share a high comorbidity, and executive dysfunction is common in children with ADHD. Thus, it is of interest to determine if executive dysfunction and atypical prefrontal structure may be shared contributors between the two disorders. This project will include 100 children, ages 8-12 years: 25 with dyslexia, 25 with ADHD, 25 with comorbid dyslexia/ADHD, and 25 typically developing controls. All subjects will participate in a neuropsychological evaluation of their executive functioning along with a structural MRI scan. Factor analysis will be used to determine latent variables of executive functions. The following frontal regions will be traced: anterior and posterior cingulate, precentral gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus, mesial frontal cortex, and the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri. Using MANCOVA It is hypothesized that children with dyslexia and ADHD will share deficits in fluency, shift, and verbal working memory. ADHD will also have deficits in inhibition and visual working memory. Moreover, it is hypothesized that the right inferior frontal and left orbitofrontal gyri will be smaller in both groups compared to controls. In contrast, the right superior frontal gyrus, mesial frontal cortex, and right anterior cingulate will be smaller in ADHD than dyslexia and controls. When collapsing across prefrontal regions, gray matter will be reduced bilaterally in dyslexia and ADHD, particularly in the right hemisphere. In addition, left prefrontal white matter volume will be reduced in ADHD. This study will benefit children with dyslexia and ADHD by providing knowledge that may aid diagnosis and intervention. For example, by having a better knowledge of the biological correlates of dyslexia and ADHD, a more rapid diagnosis may be possible than is provided by traditional behavioral techniques. Furthermore, earlier diagnosis will allow for earlier placement in intervention, and early intervention is linked with better outcome than treatment started later. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Developmental dyslexia and ADHD are two of the most prevalent childhood disorders. They also have a high rate of co-occurrence. This project will examine executive functioning (various skills/abilities which contribute to goal-directed behavior) and structure of the front aspect of the brain to see if they may be related to both dyslexia and ADHD.

描述(申请人提供)：阅读障碍儿童经常表现出语音处理能力差。然而，人们普遍认为，神经发育障碍可能最好地用多因素模型来解释，该模型也包括其他常见的缺陷。这样的缺陷之一就是执行功能障碍。在20世纪80年代，人们认识到许多阅读障碍儿童有执行功能障碍；然而，当研究人员开始更一致地检查语音加工时，这一领域的研究基本上被搁置了。因此，关于阅读障碍的执行功能障碍，特别是它与额叶结构的关系，仍有许多未知之处。阅读障碍和ADHD有很高的共患率，执行功能障碍在ADHD儿童中很常见。因此，确定执行功能障碍和非典型前额叶结构是否可能是这两种疾病的共同因素是有意义的。该项目将包括100名8-12岁的儿童：25名阅读困难儿童，25名ADHD儿童，25名阅读障碍/ADHD共病儿童，25名正常对照儿童。所有受试者将参与对其执行功能的神经心理评估，同时还将进行结构性核磁共振扫描。将使用因子分析来确定执行功能的潜在变量。将追踪以下额区：扣带回前部和后部、中央前回、眶前回、额叶内侧皮质、额上回、额中回和额下回。使用MANCOVA，假设阅读困难和ADHD的儿童在流利性、转移和言语工作记忆方面都会有缺陷。ADHD在抑制和视觉工作记忆方面也会有缺陷。此外，假设两组患者的右侧额叶下部和左侧眼眶前额回与对照组相比都较小。相比之下，ADHD患者的右侧额上回、内侧额叶皮质和右侧前扣带回比阅读障碍患者和对照组要小。当前额叶区域塌陷时，阅读障碍和多动症患者的双侧灰质会减少，尤其是在右脑。此外，ADHD患者左侧前额叶白质体积也会减少。这项研究将通过提供有助于诊断和干预的知识，使阅读困难和ADHD儿童受益。例如，通过更好地了解阅读障碍和ADHD的生物学相关性，可能会比传统行为技术提供更快的诊断。此外，早期诊断将允许更早地进行干预，早期干预与较晚开始治疗相比具有更好的结果。 公共卫生相关性：发育性阅读障碍和ADHD是两种最常见的儿童疾病。它们的重现率也很高。这个项目将研究执行功能(有助于目标导向行为的各种技能/能力)和大脑前部的结构，以确定它们是否与阅读困难和ADHD有关。

项目成果

[Formula: see text]Differences in memory functioning between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or focal epilepsy.

• DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1060955
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence
• 作者: Lee SE;Kibby MY;Cohen MJ;Stanford L;Park Y;Strickland S
• 通讯作者: Strickland S