Understanding Obesity In Relation to the Built Environment

了解肥胖与建筑环境的关系

• 批准号: 8352439
• 负责人: Clifton Addison
• 金额: $ 18.25万
• 依托单位: JACKSON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8352439
• 关键词: Address; Adipose tissue; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; American; Area; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Surface Area; Body Weight; Body mass index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Catchment Area; Cessation of life; Chest; Chronic Disease; Clinics and Hospitals; Cohort Studies; Communities; Complex; Coronary heart disease; County; Crime; Death Rate; Deposition; Development; Diet; Dietary Practices; Discrimination; Disease; Economic Policy; Economics; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemic; Ethnic Origin; Etiology; European; Evaluation; Exercise; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Genetic; Health; Health Services; Heart; Height; High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; High Prevalence; Housing; Humanities; Hypertension; Individual; Intervention; Kidney Failure; Knowledge; Lead; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; Life; Life Style; Link; Lipoproteins; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Mississippi; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Organ; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmacy facility; Physical activity; Population; Prevalence; Psychological Impact; Psychosocial Factor; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Infrastructure; Respiratory physiology; Rest; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Science; Site; Skinfold Thickness; Social Impacts; Social Policies; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Stroke; United States; Universities; Variant; Visceral; Waist-Hip Ratio; Woman; Work; abdominal fat; behavior measurement; cardiovascular disorder epidemiology; cardiovascular risk factor; disability; distilled alcoholic beverage; fast food; geographic difference; health disparity; health literacy; improved; interest; men; modifiable risk; mortality; nutrition; psychosocial; racism; sedentary; social; social health determinants; socioeconomics; subcutaneous; trafficking; waist circumference

Some of the excess CVD mortality in AAs can be attributed to a higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors and their cardiovascular consequences, particulariy hypertension. There is a 62.9% prevalence of hypertension in the JHS cohort (Wyatt et. al, 2008). Hypertensive target organ-damage is also seen more frequently, is typically more severe, and occurs at younger ages in AAs. In particular, renal failure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are more common in AA than EA hypertensive individuals at comparable levels of blood pressure (Klag, 1997). Other risk factors more common in AAs than EAs include type 2 diabetes mellitus, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, increased lipoprotein (Lp), and obesity (in women). While biologic and genetic influences on CVD risk may vary by ethnicity, they interact with and are modified by environmental variables including cultural, psychosocial, and economic issues. At least half the excess risk in AAs is unexplained (Jones et al., 2002. Relationships exist between disease states and obesity and body composition, including body mass index (BMI), total body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio, and body surface area (Ochs-Balcom, 2006). Koziel (2007) reported that lung function was related to Increased skin-fold thicknesses and subcutaneous and visceral fat deposits and that subcutaneous fat in the upper thorax affected certain organ function more than other body composition measures, including visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. In addition, about half of all causes of mortality in the U.S. are linked to social and behavioral factors, like diet and sedentary life-style (lOM, 2000).

AA中CVD死亡率过高的部分原因可归因于 可改变的危险因素及其心血管后果，特别是高血压。有62.9% JHS队列中高血压的患病率（Wyatt et.等人，2008）。高血压靶器官损伤也是 更常见，通常更严重，并且发生在AAs的年轻人中。尤其是肾脏 心力衰竭和左心室肥厚（LVH）在AA中比EA高血压患者更常见， 血压水平相当（Klag，1997）。在AA中比EA更常见的其他风险因素包括 2型糖尿病、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇、脂蛋白（Lp）升高和肥胖 (in妇女）。虽然生物学和遗传学对CVD风险的影响可能因种族而异，但它们与 受文化、社会心理和经济问题等环境变量的影响。至少一半 AA中的过度风险是无法解释的（Jones等人，2002.疾病状态与 肥胖和身体组成，包括体重指数（BMI）、总体重、腰围 (WC)、腰臀比（WHR）、腰高比和体表面积（Ochs-Balcom，2006）。Koziel （2007）报道肺功能与皮肤褶皱厚度增加和皮下和 内脏脂肪沉积和上胸部皮下脂肪对某些器官功能的影响大于 其他身体成分测量，包括内脏和皮下腹部脂肪。另外约 在美国，一半的死亡原因与社会和行为因素有关，如饮食和久坐不动 生活方式（10 M，2000年）。