Neurophysiology Imaging Facility Core: Functional and Structural MRI

神经生理学成像设施核心：功能和结构 MRI

• 批准号: 8342303
• 负责人: David A Leopold
• 金额: $ 126.64万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8342303
• 关键词: Ablation; Achievement; Anatomy; Animal Testing; Animals; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Chronic; Communities; Core Facility; Country; Data Collection; Decision Making; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dimensions; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Emotions; Engineering; Equipment; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Eye; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Human; Image; Imaging technology; Institutes; Intramural Research Program; Lesion; Light; Link; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manganese; Manuals; Measures; Mental Depression; Microelectrodes; Modern Medicine; Monkeys; Motivation; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Nervous System Physiology; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Nuclear; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pathology; Physiology; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Production; Property; Protons; Psyche structure; Regional Blood Flow; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Rewards; Role; Scanning; Sensory; Sensory Process; Services; Shapes; Site; Stigmata; Structure; Techniques; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; awake; base; brain tissue; combat; electrical microstimulation; executive function; gray matter; magnetic field; neural circuit; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; radiofrequency; relating to nervous system; response; restraint; social cognition; social stigma

Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is based on the nuclear spin properties of protons comprising different brain tissues. Through a remarkable set of engineering achievements, MRI is now routinely used to visualize the internal structure of the entire body, including the brain, in three dimensions. Perhaps even more impressively, the regional flow of blood in the brain, its relative proportion in a volume of gray matter, and its oxygenation level, can all be evaluated during sensory and behavioral tasks. The latter technique of functional MRI (fMRI) is now used by investigators in nearly every major university in the country and around the world to explore sensory processing, executive function, and social cognition. In just two decades, the fMRI revolution has brought the study of the human brain to the forefront of neuroscience, and has shaped the societal understanding of brain activity and its basis for all mental function and dysfunction. In the Neurophysiology Imaging Facility (NIF), we attempt to link this new field fMRI in humans to more detailed studies of brain physiology and anatomy in animals, since animal studies remain crucial for obtaining detailed information the structure and function of neural circuits that fMRI cannot obtain. The NIF is a centralized core facility that offers services to a wide range of investigators in each of the three sponsoring institutes (NIMH, NINDS, and NEI). Structural and functional imaging in the NIF exploit the latest cutting-edge imaging technology, allowing users to combine imaging with other invasive techniques, such as microelectrode recordings, pharmacological inactivation, or anatomical tract tracing. Testing animals inside a strong magnetic field has required the development of a wide array of MRI-compatible equipment, including animal chairs, restraint devices, reward delivery apparatus, eye position tracking cameras, and manual response keys. The facility thus provides users with these and other critical components of monkey fMRI, allowing them to initiate their studies with minimal development on their part. The facility staff assists investigators with experimental design, as well as the production of project-specific hardware (e.g. radiofrequency coils) that allow for optimized data collection. Using a standard setup developed over the last years, the facility typically carries out three scanning sessions per day, all in nonhuman primates. Some of sessions are devoted to high-resolution anatomical scanning, which allows investigators to determine the position of their electrodes, perform surgical planning, and evaluate the spread of pharmacological agents. In addition, the facility offers anatomical techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and manganese tract tracing, which can be used in combination with electrophysiological studies or lesions. Most of the scans in the vertical scanner are aimed at evaluation of neural function. Typically fMRI scans are combined with an invasive procedure, such as reversible inactivation, cortical ablation, pharmacological manipulation, electrocorticogram recordings, electrical microstimulation, or recordings from chronic microwire arrays. The routine combination of fMRI and invasive techniques in awake, behaving monkeys makes the NIH Intramural Research Program a unique site to perform nonhuman primate research. NIH investigators that use the NIF core facility are studying a wide range of topics related to basic neurological function, motivation, decision-making, emotion, and depression.

磁共振成像（MRI）基于构成不同脑组织的质子的核自旋特性。通过一系列卓越的工程成就，MRI 现在通常用于在三个维度上可视化整个身体的内部结构，包括大脑。 也许更令人印象深刻的是，大脑中的局部血液流动、其在灰质体积中的相对比例以及其氧合水平都可以在感觉和行为任务期间进行评估。 现在，美国和世界各地几乎所有主要大学的研究人员都在使用后一种功能性 MRI (fMRI) 技术来探索感觉处理、执行功能和社会认知。在短短二十年的时间里，功能磁共振成像革命将人类大脑的研究带到了神经科学的前沿，并塑造了社会对大脑活动及其所有心理功能和功能障碍基础的理解。 在神经生理学成像设施（NIF）中，我们试图将人类的这一新领域 fMRI 与动物大脑生理学和解剖学的更详细研究联系起来，因为动物研究对于获得 fMRI 无法获得的神经回路结构和功能的详细信息仍然至关重要。 NIF 是一个集中式核心设施，为三个主办机构（NIMH、NINDS 和 NEI）的广泛研究人员提供服务。 NIF 中的结构和功能成像利用最新的尖端成像技术，允许用户将成像与其他侵入性技术相结合，例如微电极记录、药理学灭活或解剖道追踪。在强磁场内测试动物需要开发一系列与 MRI 兼容的设备，包括动物椅、约束装置、奖励传送装置、眼位跟踪摄像头和手动响应键。因此，该设施为用户提供了猴子功能磁共振成像的这些和其他关键组成部分，使他们能够以最小的开发量开始研究。该设施的工作人员协助研究人员进行实验设计，以及生产特定于项目的硬件（例如射频线圈），以优化数据收集。 该设施使用过去几年开发的标准设置，通常每天进行三次扫描，全部针对非人类灵长类动物。 有些会议专门讨论高分辨率解剖扫描，这使研究人员能够确定电极的位置，执行手术计划并评估药物的扩散。 此外，该设施还提供弥散张量成像 (DTI) 和锰束追踪等解剖技术，可与电生理学研究或病变结合使用。 垂直扫描仪中的大多数扫描旨在评估神经功能。 通常，功能磁共振成像扫描与侵入性操作相结合，例如可逆失活、皮质消融、药物操作、皮质电图记录、电微刺激或慢性微丝阵列记录。 在清醒、行为正常的猴子身上进行功能磁共振成像和侵入性技术的常规结合，使 NIH 校内研究项目成为进行非人类灵长类动物研究的独特场所。使用 NIF 核心设施的 NIH 研究人员正在研究与基本神经功能、动机、决策、情绪和抑郁相关的广泛主题。