CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAIN STRUCTURES RELATING TO SOCIAL COGNITION USING X-RAY F

使用 X 射线 F 表征与社会认知相关的脑结构

• 批准号: 8362399
• 负责人: ANGEL LAM
• 金额: $ 0.03万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8362399
• 关键词: Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Autopsy; Behavioral; Body Size; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Cognitive deficits; Collection; Development; Funding; Genetic; Grant; Hippocampus (Brain); Metabolism; Microanatomy; National Center for Research Resources; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Principal Investigator; Radiation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Roentgen Rays; Social Environment; Source; Structure; Synapses; Temporal Lobe; Time; Tissues; United States National Institutes of Health; Williams Syndrome; affiliative behavior; brain tissue; cost; density; frontal lobe; insight; interest; neuroimaging; neuronal cell body; social; social cognition; structural biology

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Broadly defined, social cognition is a collection of abilities which are important for interpreting and interacting with our social environment. However, despite many studies identifying key brain structures, the connection between microanatomy and social cognition remains very much obscure. Some particularly interesting evidence in the field has come from the study of Williams Syndrome (WS). WS is a rare genetic and neurodevelopmental condition with particular cognitive deficits but also a characteristic behavioral profile that includes an increase in affect and sociability. Neuroimaging findings have indicated that the affiliative behavior in WS is related to enhanced development of anterior regions of the brain (including parts of the frontal and temporal lobes). Despite the importance of these implications, research in this area has been limited, in part, due to the scarcity of WS brain tissue. Utilizing the largest collection of postmortem WS tissue, we are able for the first time to study the underlying neuronal differences in WS and typical developing (TD) brain tissue. Specifically, we propose to investigate: (1) differences in distribution of elemental factors associated with synaptic activity and cellular metabolism (2) how these differences relate to the differences in the neuronal number and cell body size that contribute to observed changes in density, (3) and the differences in connectivity inferred by 3D architecture of neurons within cortical layers. The areas targeted are the posterior orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; anterior cingulate, frontoinsular cortex, frontal pole, hippocampus and the amygdala. The project will thus provide unprecedented insights into the microcircuitry of the social brain.

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 广义上，社会认知是一组能力的集合，这些能力对于解释我们的社会环境和与我们的社会环境互动非常重要。然而，尽管许多研究确定了关键的大脑结构，但显微解剖学和社会认知之间的联系仍然非常模糊。该领域的一些特别有趣的证据来自对威廉姆斯综合征(WS)的研究。WS是一种罕见的遗传和神经发育疾病，具有特殊的认知缺陷，但也是一种特征性的行为特征，包括情感和社交能力的增加。神经成像结果表明，WS的附属行为与大脑前部区域(包括部分额叶和颞叶)的增强发育有关。尽管这些影响很重要，但这一领域的研究一直有限，部分原因是WS脑组织的稀缺。利用最大的尸检WS组织集合，我们首次能够研究WS和典型发育中(TD)脑组织中潜在的神经元差异。具体地说，我们建议调查：(1)与突触活动和细胞代谢相关的基本因素的分布差异；(2)这些差异如何与神经元数量和细胞体大小的差异有关，这些差异有助于观察到密度的变化；(3)以及皮质层内神经元的3D结构所推断的连接性的差异。目标区域是后眼眶和腹内侧前额叶皮质；前扣带回、额岛皮质、额极、海马体和杏仁核。因此，该项目将对社交大脑的微电路提供前所未有的见解。